Displays of the Everyday. Relations between gender and the visibility of domestic work in the modern Finnish kitchen from the 1930s to the 1950s

This article discusses relations and interaction between gender and spatial arrangements of kitchens in the modern Finnish home from the 1930s to the 1950s. The focus is on the gendered and gendering aspects of habitation: the interrelationship between planning ideals and the lived space of the modern kitchen. Modernisation of homes was concentrated on the kitchen, an area that was turned into a small, efficient and rational workstation for one person, namely the active, professional housewife. While during the 1930s the goal was to separate kitchen work, defined as unhygienic, strictly off into its own space, during the 1950s the spatial continuum between kitchen, dining corner and living room became central. The kitchen was no longer an enclosed space, but was now integrated into the family rooms of the home. This ‘making visible’ of the work of housewife signified a radical change in terms of domestic labour, which now received a visible position in the home. However, it also signified that housework was to be purified and its material traces associated with femininity reduced. Kitchens, with their dazzling white surfaces, were generally depicted as having been cleansed of feminine fripperies and decoration. Instead of the denial of femininity, I would claim that this cleansing could be understood as its redefinition.

Exhibiciones de lo cotidiano: Relaciones entre género y la visibilidad de trabajo domestica en la cocina moderna de Finlandia desde 1930 hasta 1950

Este articulo discute relaciones y interacciones entre género y los arreglos espaciales de cocinas en las casas modernas finlandés desde la década de los treintas hasta los años cincuenta. Se enfoca el aspecto de género de la habitación: la interrelación entre las planificaciones ideales y los espacios vividos de la cocina moderna. La modernización de casas fue concentrado en la cocina, un área que se volvió una estación de trabajo pequeña, eficiente y racional para una persona, a saber la ama de casa activa y profesional. El objetivo durante los treintas era separar el trabajo de cocina, definido como antihigiénico, en su propio espacio estrictamente lejos de otras partes de la casa, mientras que en los cincuentas un espacio continuo entre la cocina, la sala de comer, y la sala de estar se centralizó. La cocina ya no era un espacio cerrado sino que se integró en los cuartos de la familia de la casa. Esto ‘haciendo visible’ del trabajo de la ama de casa significó un cambio radical en términos del labor doméstico, que ahora recibió una posición visible en la casa. Sin embargo, significó también que tareas domésticas debía ser purificado y sus marcas materiales femeninas eran reducidos. Cocinas, con sus superficies blancas deslumbrante, fueron interpretado por lo general de haber estado limpiado de perifollos y decoraciones femeninas. En lugar de una negación de feminidad, yo contendería que esta purificación se podría entender como su redefinición.     

Children who carry stones in their pockets: on autotelic material practices in everyday life

This paper is based on an ongoing empirical journey into the materiality of children's everyday life environments. The theoretical framework relies on post-humanism relational/new materialism as influenced by Deleuze and Guattari. An inherently rewarding practice, often undertaken by children as if by default – the carrying of stones – is discussed as blurring the unfortunate and artificially produced nature-culture divide.     

The Role of Regional Policies in Promoting Networking and Innovative Activity: Evidence from Small Finnish High-tech Firms

The success of high-technology firms is strongly dependent on their innovation capacity and network relationships. There is a growing recognition that few firms are able to innovate in isolation. Cooperation can provide access to a complementary knowledge base and resources, and speed up the innovation process of firms. Regional developers are criticized for their inadequate ability to integrate themselves into the regional networks and innovation processes of firms and their ability to determine firms' needs for innovation and networking. The research topic of this study concentrates on the possibilities of regional developers of influencing the operational environment of high-tech firms through the development of networks and innovation activity of firms. Of particular interest are the micro-level policies and concrete actions by regional developers for meeting the needs of firms. The data used are based on interviews addressed to high-tech firms located in Jyväskylä Science Park in Finland.     

Tracing children’s politics

This article sets out to conceptualize children’s political agency and the spaces of children’s politics by addressing children’s politics in official settings and everyday contexts. The study is based on research concerning child and youth policies and the politics played out in children’s everyday life practices. To demonstrate how childhood policies typically seek to involve children in politics, we discuss recent legislative developments related to building a parliamentary apparatus for children’s participation in Finland. We propose that not all children are able to, or willing to, participate actively in this kind of political action, and that all issues important to children can not be processed through (semi)official arenas such as school councils, children’s parliaments and civic organizations. Thus, we agree with scholarship portraying children as political agents also in their everyday environments and on their own terms. To further conceptualize these mundane politics, we propose a model for identifying different modes and spaces of children’s agency in terms of political involvement and political presence. We conclude by discussing the challenges of studying everyday political geographies in childhood.     

Interaction during mental health floating support home visits: managing host–guest and professional–client identities in home-spaces

Mental health work has been transformed by ‘shifting geographies of care’ from institutions to care in communities, in particular by the emergence of support located within home-spaces. This article studies a floating support service targeted at people with mental health problems and contributes to research on post-institution and home care geographies. The data contain 17 audio-recorded home visits conducted by professional care workers. An ethnomethodological analysis informed by geographies of care in home-spaces shows how the home as a material space has consequences for conversations and the relations between the service users and workers. The parties orient to two relational and shifting identity pairs in their ‘home-space talk’: a host–guest pair (social call talk) and a professional–client pair (targeted intervention talk). Professional–client pair dominates, and in this sense floating support produces institutionalization of home-spaces. However, social call talk that enables service users to act as hosts governing their home-spaces has important functions. Orientations to hosts and guests create symmetry and trust among the parties that encourages recovery promoting interaction. The article also demonstrates the applicability of the methods developed in the geographies of mental health and home in the ethnomethodological interaction analysis, and the other way round.     

SELF-TAUGHT WRITERS,FAMILY CORRESPONDENCE,AND SOCIAL MOBILITY IN THE 19TH-CENTURY FINNISH ARCHIPELAGO

How can the private, everyday letters written by two literate members of a rural community be used as historical sources? How can they enhance understanding of the process of upward social mobility which took place in Finland in the latter part of the 19th century and produced a new, Finnish-speaking and nationally oriented university-educated gentry? A collection of nearly 150 letters written from 1858 to 1887 by country skipper Simon Jansson and his wife Wilhelmina document in great detail their daily life and thoughts as well as the news and the social life of their seafaring community. They attest to how non-elite families were able to grasp the opportunities that were opening up for them and to give their sons a university education. For a country skipper, the favourable economic conditions for peasant seafaring after the Crimean War were decisive. The process of social mobility and the rise of the new educated elite have been studied with the social status and occupation of the students’ fathers as a starting point. The Jansson letters show that the social and cultural capital brought into the family by the mother could be crucial.