U-Pb zircon age of the youngest magmatic activity in the High Tatra granites (Central Western Carpathians)

Detailed cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging of zircon crystals, coupled with Laser Ablation Multi-Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) U-Pb zircon dating was used to develop new insights into the evolution of granitoids from the High Tatra Mountains. The zircon U-Pb results show two distinct age groups (350±5 Ma and 337±6 Ma) recorded from cores and rims domains, respectively. Obtained results point that the last magmatic activity in the Tatra granitoid intrusion occurred at ca. 330 Ma. The previously suggested age of 314 Ma reflects rather the hydrothermal activity and Pb-loss, coupled with post-magmatic shearing.     

Linear Enamel Hypoplasia and Age‐at‐Death at Medieval (11th–16th Centuries) St. Gregory's Priory and Cemetery,Canterbury, UK

Linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) is a macroscopically detectable band‐like dental defect, which represents localized decrease in enamel thickness caused by some form of disruption to a child's health. Such dental deformations are utilized in osteoarchaeological research as permanent markers of childhood physiological stress and have been extensively studied in numerous ancient human populations. However, currently there is no such data for medieval populations from Canterbury, UK. Here, LEH is examined in the context of age‐at‐death in human burials from the medieval St. Gregory's Priory and adjacent cemetery (11^th–16^th centuries), Canterbury, UK. The cemetery and Priory burials represented lower (n = 30) and higher status (n = 19) social groups, respectively. Linear enamel hypoplastic defects were counted on mandibular and maxillary anterior permanent teeth (n = 374). The age and sex of each skeleton were estimated using standard methods. Differences in LEH counts, age‐at‐death, and LEH formation ages were sought between the two social groups. Results indicate significantly greater frequencies of LEH in the Cemetery (mean = 17.6) compared to the Priory (mean = 7.9; t = −3.03, df = 46, p = 0.002). Adult age‐at‐death was also significantly lower in the Cemetery (mean = 39.8 years) compared to the Priory burials (mean = 44.1 years; t = 2.275, df = 47, p = 0.013). Hypoplasia formation ages differed significantly between the Priory (mean = 2.49 years) and Cemetery (mean = 3.22 years; t = 2.076; df = 47; p = 0.034) individuals. Results indicate that childhood stress may reflect adult mortality in this sample, and that the wellbeing of individuals from diverse social backgrounds can be successfully assessed using LEH analyses. Results are discussed in terms of the multifactorial etiology of LEH, as well as weaning‐related LEH formation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Book reviews

Gramsci and the Italian State. By Richard Bellamy and Darrow Schecter (Manchester and New York Manchester University Press, 1993), xvi + 203 pp.

Queen Elizabeth and the Making of Policy, 1572–1588. By Wallace MacCaffrey (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981), x + 530 pp.

Elizabeth I: War and Politics, 1588–1603. By Wallace MacCaffrey (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992), xvi + 592 pp.

Figures on the Horizon. Edited by Jerrold Seigel (Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 1993), xix + 278 pp. £29.50, $53.00 cloth.

Logomachia: The Conflict of the Faculties. Edited by Richard Rand (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1993), xii + 218 pp., £27.00 cloth, £11.95 paper.

The Origins of French Art Criticism from the Anden Régime to the Restoration. By Richard Wrigley (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993), xii + 427 pp.

The Madness of Kings: Personal Trauma and the Fate of Nations. By Vivian Green (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993), xiii + 322 pp., $35.00 cloth.

The Conservative Imagination. By Philip Thody (London: Pinter, 1993), xi + 179 pp., cloth.

The Longman Companion to Cold War and Détente 1941–91. By John W. Young (London and New York: Longman Higher Educational, 1993), 360 pp., £11.99 paper.

The Colloquy of Montbéliard: Religion and Politics in the Sixteenth Century. By Jill Raitt (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993), xiv + 226 pp., £40.00

Communities of Discourse: Ideology and Social Structure in the Reformation, the Enlightenment, and European Socialism. By Robert Wuthnow (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993; first published, 1989), 739 pp., $29.95 paper.

Xenophon Oeconomicus: A Social and Historical Commentary. By Sarah B. Pomeroy (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), xii + 388 pp., $50.00

The Heidegger Controversy: A Critical Reader. Edited by Richard Wolin (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1993), xx + 315 pp., $16.95 paper.

Biblical Theocracy: A Vision of the Biblical Foundations for a Christian Political Philosophy. By Stephen Palmquist (Hong Kong: Philopsychy Press, 1993), 193 pp., HK $35.00, US $4.50 paper.

Considerations sur la France. By Joseph De Maistre, trans, and edited by Richard A. LeBrun; introduction by Isaiah Berlin (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994) xlii + 132 pp., £30.00/$49.95 cloth, £12.95/$16.95 paper.

Machiavellian Rhetoric. By Victoria Kahn (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994), xv + 314 pp., $29.95, £23.50 cloth.

Marc Bloch, Lucien Febvre et les Annales d'Histoire Economique et Sociale: Correspondance, vol. 1, 1928–1933. Edited by Bertrand Müller (Paris: Librairie Arthème Fayard, 1994), lx + 551pp., FF240.

Kant's Transcendental Psychology. By Patricia Kitcher (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994), 296 pp.

The End of the Salon: Art and the State in the Early Third Republic. By Patricia Mainardi (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), ix + 210 pp., $18.95/£12.95 paper.

Aristotle on the Goals and Exactness of Ethics. By Georgios Anagnostopoulos (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1994), xiii + 468 pp., $50.00 cloth.

A Treatise of Orders and Plain Dignities. By Charles Loyseau, edited and trans, by Howell A. Lloyd (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), xlviii + 255 pp., $59.95 and £40.00 cloth, $22.95 and £14.95 paper.

The Philosophy of Childhood. By Gareth B. Matthews (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994), 136 pp., $18.95 cloth.

Reading Heidegger from the Start: Essays in His Earliest Thought. Edited by Theodore Kisiel and John van Buren (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994), 480 + ix pp., $74.50 cloth, $24.95 paper.

Dante and the Mystical Tradition: Bernard of Clairvaux in the Commedia. By Stephen Botterill, Cambridge Studies in Medieval Literature (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), x + 269 pp., £37.50 and $59.95.

The Boundaries of Modern Iran. Edited by Keith McLachlan, SOAS Geopolitics Series 2 (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994, ix + 150 pp., $49.95 cloth.

New French Thought: Political Philosophy. Edited by Mark Lilla (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994) 239 pp., $45.00 cloth; $14.95 paper.

Myth and Territory in the Spartan Mediterranean. By Irad Malkin (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), xvii + 278 pp., £37.50 and $59.95 cloth.

The Interpretation of Order: A Study in the Poetics of Homeric Repetition. By Ahuvia Kahane (Oxford: Clarendon, 1994), xi + 190 pp., £25.00 cloth.

History and Tropology: The Rise and Fall of Metaphor. By Frank R. Ankersmit (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), vii + 244 pp., $40.00 cloth.

Anglo‐Irish: The Literary Imagination in a Hyphenated Culture. By Julian Moynahan (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994), xiii + 288 pp., $24.95 cloth.

The Correspondence of Thomas Hobbes. Edited by Noel Malcolm, 2 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), Vol. 1: 1622–1659, lxxv + 511 pp., £60.00 doth; Vol. 2: 1660–1679, xv + 495 pp., £60.00 cloth.

Actors in the Audience: Theatricality and Doublespeak from Nero to Hadrian. By Shadi Bartsch, Revealing Antiquity 6. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994), vi + 309 pp., $37.50 cloth.

Divine Power: The Medieval Power Distinction up to its Adoption by Albert, Bonaventure, and Aquinas. By Lawrence Moonan (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), xii + 396 pp., £40.00 cloth.

Behind the Front Lines of the Civil War: Political Parties and Social Movements in Russia, 1918–1922. By Vladimir N. Brovkin (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994), xiii + 455 pp., $43.50 and £55.00 cloth.

The Art of War in World History: From Antiquity to the Nuclear Age. Edited by Gerard Chaliand (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1994), xliii + 1072 pp., 8 maps, $75.00 cloth, $30.00 paper.

The French Press in the Age of Enlightenment. By Jack R. Censer (London and New York: Routledge, 1994), xi + 263 pp., £40.00 cloth.

Printing, Propaganda, and Martin Luther. By Mark U. Edwards, Jr. (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1994), 238 pp., 6 illus., $40.00 cloth.

The Rhetoric of Purity: Essentialist Theory and the Advent of Abstract Painting. By Mark A. Cheetham (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 194 pp., 16 illus., £11.95, $17.95 paper.

Ambrose of Milan. By Neil B. McLynn (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1994), xii + 406 pp., $45.00 cloth.

Understanding the Infinite. By Shaughan Lavine (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994), ix + 371 pp., $39.95 cloth.

Historia and Fabula: Myths and Legends in Historical Thought from Antiquity to the Modern Age. By Peter G. Bietenholz (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1994), xii + 434 pp., 9 illus., $91.50 cloth, NLG 160.00.

The Deeds of Frederick Barbarossa. By Otto of Freising, trans, and edited by Charles Mierow (Toronto, Buffalo, and London: University of Toronto Press, 1994), 366 pp., $16.95 paper.

In Over Our Heads: The Mental Demands of Modern Life. By Robert Kegan (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994), viii + 396 pp., $29.95 cloth.

Tudor Political Culture. Edited by Dale Hoak (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), xxiii +310 pp., £45.00

Reconstructing the Subject: Modernist Painting in Western Germany, 1945–1950. By Yule F. Heibel (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995), 207 pp., $45.00, £33.50 cloth.

The Uses of the University, 4th ed. By Clark Kerr (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995), xv + 220 pp., $15.95 paper.

The Disorder of Things: Metaphysical Foundations of the Disunity of Science. By John Dupré (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995), 308 pp., paper.

The Stop. By David Appelbaum (Albany: State University of New York Press, New York, 1995), xi + 154 pp., $14.95 paper.

Walter Benjamin's Passages. By Pierre Missac, trans. Shierry Weber Nicholson (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1995), 233 pp., $25.00 cloth.

Spinoza: The Enduring Questions. Edited by Graeme Hunter. (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1995), xviii +182 pp., North American $70.00, Europe $78.00, UK £45.50 cloth.

Adultery and Divorce in Calvin's Geneva. By Robert M. Kingdon (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995), ix + 214 pp., $29.95 cloth, $14.95 paper.

Falsehood Disguised: Unmasking the Truth in La Rochefoucauld. By Richard G. Hodgson. (West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press, 1995), xiii + 175 pp., £28.50.

Nietzsche and the Modern Crisis of the Humanities. By Peter Levine (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995), xxi + 279 pp., $18.95 cloth.

Science and Culture: Popular and Philosophical Essays. By Herman von Helmholtz, ed. David Cahan (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995), xviii + 418 pp., $52.00 cloth, $17.00 paper.     

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS AND URBAN ABANDONMENT: CASE STUDIES AND TYPOLOGICAL ISSUES

The article discusses the phenomenon of urban abandonment as a result of environmental hazards. Seen as an outcome of environmental drivers, the underlying assumption is that a characteristic of environmental hazards is their spatial and temporal constancy of impact, whereby processes and phenomena having taken place in the past have their analogies in the present. In order to generate insights for future research and policy development, there is a need to pay greater attention to the precarious relationship between humans and the natural environment, not least by drawing lessons from the past through the study of historical cases. The article clarifies the dynamic interactions of drivers and their progression through various stages of urban abandonment. This is done by recourse to an analysis of some general trends and an in‐depth examination of three selected case studies from Poland. It has two objectives. The first is to identify the historical role of environmental drivers in the process of urban abandonment, while the second one is to contribute to the typology of environmentally related processes of urban abandonment in order to better identify future calamities. With respect to the former, the findings reveal that the relation between environmental hazards and urban abandonment is pertinent in regions with specific geographic conditions and pertains only to certain categories of urban settlements. With respect to the latter, by drawing on these findings, we propose some alterations and amendments to McLeman's comprehensive model of settlement abandonment in the context of global environmental change.