试论舟形灶

汉晋墓出土的舟形陶灶分布较广,以淮河及长江下游的江浙皖赣地区为中心,广泛见于北至鲁南,西到湘鄂西部,东南至海的广大区域.其延续时间较长,有些类型一直沿用到宋代.各种类型的舟形灶均有特定的分布区域,随着时代的推移,逐渐向外传播,其中最为典型的B型和C型舟形灶,南移趋势明显,这与历史上的人口南迁有较大关系;而具有岭南文化因素的D型灶则向附近的江西和福建扩散.江淮之间的苏皖地区出现了A型、B型和C型舟形灶的较早类型,不排除这里是舟形灶发源地的可能.     

Improvised Hybridity in the “Fixing” of Chinese Infrastructure Capital: The Case of Kenya's Standard Gauge Railway

The article explores the role of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the globalisation of China's infrastructure capital. Examining how accumulation strategies of Chinese SOEs are driven by a complex set of political and economic, state and private, interests, it foregrounds the inherently hybrid nature of China's state capitalism. We use Kenya's Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) as a case study to analyse how state infrastructure capital traverses borders, and the specific ways that contradictions of accumulation in China are relocated through the improvised hybridity of SOEs. In Kenya, China Road and Bridge Corporation, the main SGR contractor, shifted and adapted its strategies as the pursuit of economic productivity gave way to political priorities in China, simultaneously responding to changing socio-political circumstances in Kenya and across East Africa. Analysing these dynamics, we highlight the contingencies of, and limitations to, structural reorganisation of actually existing forms of state capitalism in China and beyond.     

A Gravity Model with Variable Coefficients: The EEC Trade with Third Countries

Gravity models with fixed coefficients have been used to explain the trade flows between countries different in income levels and separated by long distances. It is unrealistic to assume that these models can hold with the same parameters across very heterogeneous countries. This paper proposes and estimates an international trade model with variable coefficients constructed by combining Pöy-hönen's and Linnemann's gravity-based trade models via the expansion method.     

居民家庭旅游消费行为初探

居民家庭旅游行为是一种特殊的消费行为,本文根据长春市居民家庭消费行为的有关调查资料对影响长春市居民家庭旅游消费行为的因素进行了分析探讨,并说明了居民家庭旅游消费行为研究的重大意义。     

The Chemical Composition and Production Area of Early Western Zhou Proto‐Porcelain Unearthed from Yejiashan Cemetery,Suizhou, China

The bodies and glazes of 27 early Western Zhou proto‐porcelain samples from Yejiashan cemetery, Hubei Province, were analysed using LA‐ICP–AES, SEM, XRD, a thermal expansion instrument and other analytical methods. The results indicated that the bodies of all samples were characterized by high silicon and low aluminium, and were made with porcelain stone raw materials found in the south of China. The glazes are typical of high‐temperature calcium glazes of the CaO (MgO) – K₂O (Na₂O) – Al₂O₃ – SiO₂ series, with relatively high Mn and P content, which was probably caused by the addition of plant ashes. The physical properties and phase compositions of Yejiashan proto‐porcelain show that firing processes were still in the early stages of development in ancient China. Multivariate statistical analyses indicated that Yejiashan proto‐porcelain might have come from the Deqing area, in Zhejiang Province. These results provide new archaeological evidence for research on issues related to material flow in the Western Zhou dynasty.     

Investigating Human Migration and Horse‐Trading in Yelang (夜郎) Through Strontium Isotope Analysis of Skeletons from Zhougshui Sites,South‐West China (1300 bc – ad 25)

Yelang (夜郎), a mysterious state located in the south‐western area of early China and dating from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age (1300 bc – ad 25), is a cultural interactive junction between the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau and the Yangtze River Basin. The Zhongshui Basin in Weining County, Guizhou Province, was one of the important distribution areas of the Yelang civilization. This area, which includes sites at Jigongshan (鸡公山; 1300 – 800 bc ), Hongyingpan (红营盘; 700 – 400 bc ) and Yinzitan (银子坛; 400 bc – ad 25), has provided a very integrated chronology, spanning from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age in the eastern Yunnan – western Guizhou area. To investigate human migration and horse‐trading at these Yelang sites, we conducted a strontium isotopic analysis on the teeth enamel of humans and horses unearthed from these three sites. The results indicated the following: (1) people at the earlier sites (Jigongshan and Hongyingpan) were all indigenous, whereas in the Yinzitan cemetery, there was a more immigrant population, and all the people who were buried in an upper limb flexed supine position were non‐local; and (2) most of the horses found at the Jigongshan and Yinzitan sites show different provenances, probably related to the famous Dian (滇) and Zuo (筰) horses recorded in historical documents, providing more clues for further study on horse‐trading in South‐West China during the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age.     

An Approach to the Diagnosis of Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia from the 2500‐Year‐Old Remains of a Skull from Ancient China

A human skull, buried about 2500 years ago in a Bronze Age cemetery at Jinggouzi, a site of an important ethnic group in ancient China, appeared to have characteristics of fibrous dysplasia. The CT images indicated a reduction in bone density and relatively homogeneous lesions. More features were revealed using CT reconstruction techniques. Lesions seen in low‐magnification images using a 3D deep‐field microscope had an irregular honeycomb‐like structure. At higher magnification, the trabeculae morphology and the gaps between the trabeculae were irregular and varied in size and shape. Paraffin‐embedded specimens stained with HE showed trabeculae with tortuous irregular arrangements varying in shape and width. The irregular trabeculae of woven bone has been described as having fibrous dysplasia. Molecular analysis of the GNAS gene indicated no mutation. This provides a non‐invasive approach for us to make more comprehensive diagnoses and to assist research into ancient human diseases.     

日本侵华战争时期女明星的形象建构——以李香兰为例

日本侵华战争时期,中日两国人民除了蒙受战争苦难之外,还在不同程度上遇到国族与文化认同等问题,女明星也不例外。身为日本人的李香兰,在舞台上往往是以中国人的形象或主体身份示人,并闪现星光。然而,日本侵华当局的幕后掌控,民族意识的萌生,性别的纠缠,使她在战争的特殊环境里处于矛盾、挣扎之中,艰难地做出国族的选择和认同。在多种力量的交互作用下,最终完成了第二次中日战争时期女明星李香兰的形象建构,其中也包含着李香兰个人的主观想象和抉择。不容否认的是,战争时期建构的女明星形象在一定程度上影响着李香兰战后的行为。然而随着局势的不断变化,和平与发展成为国际潮流,李香兰在社会大舞台上扮演了新的角色,并树立起新的社会形象,赋予日本侵华战争时期女明星以新的内涵。     

WELL-FORGED "WALKING GOLD"——THE SHEEP BREEDING INDUSTRY IN THE GAMPA COUNTY

正It is just the dawn,but the sheepfolds have already begun to move restlessly.Sunlight makes its way in.Tashi Tsedan and Redan open the sheepfolds one after another.Flocks of sheep suddenly gush out like an influx of water from an opened gate.These two herdsmen from Jirong Village in Drik Town of Gampa County are fulfilling their duty grazing these flocks of Gampa sheep,a well-known breed of Tibetan sheep.