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A failed effort at “reform from above” or a dramatic reassertion of “people power”? Almost thirty-five years on, studies of the Revolutions of 1989 continue to be framed by these two polarities. However, this historiographical focus has meant that scholars have often overlooked the actual content and character of protest itself. This article argues that one way of reinjecting agency and ideas back into our historical understanding of 1989 is through examining the chronopolitics of revolution: that is to say, by addressing how the control and interpretation of time became a political battlefield, a site of contention and negotiation, between Communist regimes, on the one hand, and political activists and society, on the other. Investigating events in the German Democratic Republic and Czechoslovakia, the article contains two central claims: first, that an interrogation of the concept of “chronopolitics” can provide a new angle by which to grasp the revolutionary character of “1989” and the democratic transformations that resulted and, second, by way of inversion, that a study of the temporal experiences across 1989 and the early 1990s can in turn shed light on the analytical value of “chronopolitics” more generally. 相似文献
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Éveline Pinto 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》1997,118(1):37-64
Did “the old character, so intelligent, so crazy”, evoked by Marcel Proust through Chardin’s self-portraits, depict himself in the projective mask of the wise man, in one of his most famous paintings, thePhilosopher of the Louvre? As the master of the still life wanted to rise in the hierarchy of the Academic ranks, he probably tried, in this early work, to make up for “this lack of training” in “the humanities”, through the representation of a character in keeping with current tastes, of a modern philosopher. A Philosopher, A Chemist in his laboratory, A Glass-Blower, or A Philosopher busy reading: is the painting of the Louvre (1734) an emblem? Our hypothesis, that this painting represents a chemist philosopher, not a quack or an alchemist, is constructed by comparing the painting with the lampoon entitledThe Philosopher, circulated, according to Voltaire, in the 1730s. 相似文献
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Étienne Anheim Mathieu Thoury Loïc Bertrand 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》2015,136(3-4):329-354
This article aims at presenting the first results of a transdisciplinary research programme in heritage sciences. Based on the growing use and on the potentialities of micro- and nano-characterization synchrotron-based methods to study ancient materials (archaeology, palaeontology, cultural heritage, past environments), this contribution will identify and test conceptual and methodological elements of convergence between physicochemical and historical sciences. 相似文献
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GREGOR FEINDT FÉLIX KRAWATZEK DANIELA MEHLER FRIEDEMANN PESTEL RIEKE TRIMÇEV 《History and theory》2014,53(1):24-44
This essay takes up the call for a “third phase” in memory studies and makes theoretical and methodological suggestions for its further development. Starting from an understanding of memory that centers on memory's temporality, its relation to language, and its quality as a social action, the essay puts forward the concept of “entangled memory.” On a theoretical level, it brings to the fore the entangledness of acts of remembering. In a synchronic perspective, memory's entangledness is presented as twofold. Every act of remembering inscribes an individual in multiple social frames. This polyphony entails the simultaneous existence of concurrent interpretations of the past. In a diachronic perspective, memory is entangled in the dynamic relation between single acts of remembering and changing mnemonic patterns. Memory scholars therefore uncover boundless cross‐referential configurations. Wishing to enhance the dialogue between the theoretical and the empirical parts of memory studies, we propose four devices that serve as a heuristic in the study of memory's entanglement: chronology against time, conflict, generations, and self‐reflexivity. Current debates on European memory permit us to explore the possible benefits that the concept of entangled memory carries for memory studies. 相似文献
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J. M. MARQUES M. ANDRADE P. M. CARREIRA H. G. M. EGGENKAMP R. C. GRAA L. AIRES‐BARROS M. ANTUNES DA SILVA 《Geofluids》2006,6(4):273-287
Geochemical and isotopic studies have been undertaken to assess the origin of CO2‐rich waters issuing in the northern part of Portugal. These solutions are hot (76°C) to cold (17°C) Na–HCO3 mineral waters. The δ2H and δ18O signatures of the mineral waters reflect the influence of altitude on meteoric recharge. The lack of an 18O‐shift indicates there has been no high temperature water–rock interaction at depth, corroborating the results of several chemical geothermometers (reservoir temperature of about 120°C). The low 14C activity (up to 9.9 pmC) measured in some of the cold CO2‐rich mineral waters (total dissolved inorganic carbon) is incompatible with the presence of 3H (from 1.7 to 4.1 TU) in those waters, which indicates relatively short subsurface circulation times. The δ13C values of CO2 gas and dissolved inorganic carbon range between ?6‰ and ?1‰ versus Vienna‐Peedee Belemnite, indicating that the total carbon in the recharge waters is being diluted by larger quantities of CO2 (14C‐free) introduced from deep‐seated (upper mantle) sources, masking the 14C‐dating values. The differences in the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the studied thermal and mineral waters seem to be caused by water–rock interaction with different granitic rocks. Chlorine isotope signatures (?0.4‰ < δ37Cl < +0.4‰ versus standard mean ocean chloride) indicate that Cl in these waters could be derived from mixing of a small amount of igneous Cl from leaching of granitic rocks. 相似文献
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Étienne Anheim Sylvain Piron 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》2008,129(4):481-484
Sans résumé
étienne Anheim est ma?tre de conférences en histoire médiévale à l’Université de Versailles/Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines. Ses
recherches portent sur les formes de la culture savante (peinture, musique, littérature) à la fin du Moyen ?ge, et sur leurs
relations avec les cours. Il a récemment publié ?La Chambre du Cerf. Image, savoir et nature à Avignon au milieu du xiv
e siècle ? (Micrologus, vol. XVI, 2008, p. 57–124).
Sylvain Piron est ma?tre de conférences à l’école des hautes études en sciences sociales. Ses recherches portent sur différents
aspects de l’histoire intellectuelle du Moyen ?ge central, de la pensée économique des scolastiques à l’ecclésiologie des
franciscains spirituels. Il vient de publier ?Le poète et le théologien: une rencontre dans le studium de Santa Croce ?, dans Jo?l Biard et Fosca Mariani Ziani, éd, Ut philosophia poesis. Questions philosophiques dans l’écriture de Dante, Pétrarque, Bocacce (Paris, Vrin, 2008, p. 73–112). 相似文献
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Éric Brian 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》1999,120(4):509-510