关于考古出土纸质文物保护利用的若干思考

19世纪末,我国西北地区开始有纸质文物的考古发现,其后纸质文物在多地考古发掘中均见出土.它们品种多、数量大,加工工艺、写印材料独特,时代自汉代至明清,其中的早期文物尤为珍贵.因其出土环境复杂,保护修复工作难以直接借助传统技术和现有科技,特别是潮湿环境和干燥潮湿交替环境下出土纸质文物的保护修复往往遭遇瓶颈.目前学界在科学分析检测、造纸工艺研究、科学信息提取等科学化研究方面取得了一定成就,但对糟朽类文物的病害机理、保护修复技术等研究还远远不够.因此,当务之急是开展本体材质、劣化与粘连机理研究,探究多因素协同作用对本体的长期影响和作用方式,研发新材料与新技术,并致力于探索这类文物的活化利用.     

传统书画装裱修复技艺多元价值及其体系构建探究——基于"苏裱"传承人访谈的思考

价值多元化是中国传统书画装裱修复技艺重要的特征之一.当前书画装裱修复从业者对技艺价值认知程度不均,价值认知现状不能与多元价值共存的现实相匹配.基于非物质文化遗产保护与传承的视角,书画装裱修复从业者应从理念上重新树立多元价值观、方法上加强现代科技手段的有效介入、理念上重视传承人整体情况的深入探求、行动上加快技艺科学化研究进程等几个方面来全面构建技艺多元价值体系.     

1989: THE CHRONOPOLITICS OF REVOLUTION

A failed effort at “reform from above” or a dramatic reassertion of “people power”? Almost thirty-five years on, studies of the Revolutions of 1989 continue to be framed by these two polarities. However, this historiographical focus has meant that scholars have often overlooked the actual content and character of protest itself. This article argues that one way of reinjecting agency and ideas back into our historical understanding of 1989 is through examining the chronopolitics of revolution: that is to say, by addressing how the control and interpretation of time became a political battlefield, a site of contention and negotiation, between Communist regimes, on the one hand, and political activists and society, on the other. Investigating events in the German Democratic Republic and Czechoslovakia, the article contains two central claims: first, that an interrogation of the concept of “chronopolitics” can provide a new angle by which to grasp the revolutionary character of “1989” and the democratic transformations that resulted and, second, by way of inversion, that a study of the temporal experiences across 1989 and the early 1990s can in turn shed light on the analytical value of “chronopolitics” more generally.     

Chardin et sonPhilosophe

Did “the old character, so intelligent, so crazy”, evoked by Marcel Proust through Chardin’s self-portraits, depict himself in the projective mask of the wise man, in one of his most famous paintings, thePhilosopher of the Louvre? As the master of the still life wanted to rise in the hierarchy of the Academic ranks, he probably tried, in this early work, to make up for “this lack of training” in “the humanities”, through the representation of a character in keeping with current tastes, of a modern philosopher. A Philosopher, A Chemist in his laboratory, A Glass-Blower, or A Philosopher busy reading: is the painting of the Louvre (1734) an emblem? Our hypothesis, that this painting represents a chemist philosopher, not a quack or an alchemist, is constructed by comparing the painting with the lampoon entitledThe Philosopher, circulated, according to Voltaire, in the 1730s.     

安定战略与南唐方镇体制的崩解

南唐方镇在许多方面都发生了重要变化,这些变化引发了方镇体制军事特质的丧失,因此南唐方镇的体制实际上已不再是原先的军政体制,而是一种新的民政体制。决定南唐方镇体制崩解的根本因素是安定战略。五代十国时期是一个特别值得重视的在政治体制方面发生变化的关键时期。     

古玺印菁华释地三则

古官玺中涉及的地名颇多,其研究对古文字、古地理及古玺分域研究等方面都具有重要价值。本文从玺文的形体分析角度出发,对《古玺印菁华》收集的三方官玺予以考证,提出一些新的观点。     

安徽巢湖放王岗出土西汉漆器漆膜测试分析

为了解放王岗出土漆器的髹漆技术,采用了漆膜切片技术、X射线衍射粉末法、傅立叶红外光谱法和显微镜等分析方法对漆器残片进行了分析。实验结果表明:大部分的漆膜包含1～3层髹漆层,一些漆膜中存在着漆灰层;采用了HgS作为漆膜的红色呈色颜料;可能采用了混合大漆和其它有机物的漆料;特别是漆膜中发现了含量约在5%左右的石英颗粒,其成因和作用值得现代漆器业去研究。     

民族主义内在的困境——陈独秀国家观从民族主义到自由主义的转变

在近代中国思想史上,陈独秀堪称思想历程最为曲折的人物之一.早年他服膺民族主义,后来转奉自由主义(民主主义),又转而信仰社会主义(共产主义),晚年他的思想走向社会主义、自由主义和民族主义的大综合.本文所考察的,是陈独秀从民族主义到自由主义的转变,以及这次转变所呈现的民族主义的内在困境.     

袁宏道《潇碧堂集》作品系年订疑

袁宏道《潇碧堂集》作品系年至少存在两种问题:一是系年错误。以钱伯城先生《袁宏道集笺校》为例,出现此类问题的有九十篇之多。二是系年疑而未定。钱笺和任访秋《袁中郎年谱》涉及《潇碧堂集》作品系年皆有数十篇未能定其具体作年。本文对后者作了考订,从而解决了袁宏道诗文系年方面一个长期以来悬而未决的疑难问题。