Regionale Wirtschaftsförderung und E-Commerce—Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung in Baden-Württemberg

Die Auswirkungen des Einsatzes moderner Informationsund Kommunikationstechnologien (IuK) werden oftmals unter dem Schlagwort der Globalisierung zusammengefaßt. IuK-Technologien stellen die technischen Voraussetzungen beispielsweise für die weitgehende Vernetzung von Unternehmen, für neue Formen der Arbeitsteilung und -kooperation.Im Fokus der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion um E-Commerce stehen Veränderungen auf globaler Ebene, die Frage nach den möglichen, raumwirksamen Veränderungen in den Regionen wird dagegen nur wenig diskutiert. Was aber bedeutet der Einsatz von E-Commerce konkret für Absatzmärkte, Kunden- und Lieferantenbeziehungen auf der regionalen Ebene? Besteht die Gefahr einer Schwächung insbesondere der mittelständischen, meist regional verankerten Betriebe oder bietet E-Commerce gerade für die kleineren und mittleren Unternehmen (KMU) die Chance eines Innovationsschubs? Ein Blick auf die regionale Ebene zeigt, daß hier zahlreiche Förderaktivitäten unternommen werden. Dies wirft Fragen auf: Welche Strategien sind bei dieser Förderung erkennbar? Wie geht die traditionelle Wirtschaftsförderung mit diesem für sie neuen Thema um?

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Identifying pre-Hispanic water storages in agricultural areas of south-central Andes through diatom evidence

In the Andes, there are several pre-Hispanic irrigation networks with structures destined for water storage. However, it has not been widely discussed in archaeological research. This is probably due to their being difficult to identify. The aim of this study is to explore the use of diatom assemblage analysis as a methodological tool suitable to help in the identification and characterization of these ancient hydraulic structures. We analyzed two archaeological structures interpreted as water reservoirs from north-western Argentina (EH1 in Antofagasta de la Sierra and U-88R1 in Yocavil) and compared them to current reservoirs. The diatom species composition and the changes in the dominant ecological groups in the studied structures highlight different periods of hydraulic behavior. EH1 contained and stored water, but there were periods of time in which there was a lack of use or abandonment of the structure. However, the U88-R1 structure does not have diatom evidence of containing standing water for a prolonged time but presence of wet soils. Thus, the structure could have been used for other water management strategies. The results show that diatom analysis is a methodological tool with a high potential to study ancestral hydrotechnologies.     

Maurofilia y maurofobia en el Libro del conde de Castilla

The Poema de Fernán González (or Libro del conde de Castilla) is not a crusade song, nor is it an epic poem or a historical account commemorating the foundation of San Pedro de Arlanza Monastery. It is rather a hybrid text that employs all the literary and historical resources available around the middle of the thirteenth century to an educated poet who was intent on transmitting to future generations the memory of the Count who made possible the independence of Castile. All episodes in the poem point to Castile's unique place in history, describing through the protagonist's bellicose deeds its hegemonic ascendency as the most important kingdom of the Iberian peninsula. Its destiny is determined by the hero's combative character against all enemies, whether Christians or Moors, and more specifically by confronting the powerful kings of neighboring states León and Navarre.     

Voluntary Environmental Programs: A Canadian Perspective

In light of the increasing number of environmental problems necessitating government's attention and the limited scope and budget for addressing these issues, environmental protection has, and continues to evolve as more flexible approaches to regulation are being sought and embraced by governments throughout the world. Voluntary environmental programs (VEPs) are a pragmatic response by both governments and business to find a more flexible way to protect the environment. We discuss the theoretical motivations for firms to adopt VEPs in general and examine Canada's experience with three types of VEPs, public, negotiated, and unilateral agreements, to assess whether the motivating factors are present. We then argue that the institutional, political, and regulatory framework governing environmental policy in Canada does not provide the conditions necessary to effectively promote superior corporate environmental protection across jurisdictions. Despite the lack of government‐directed VEPs, there has been considerable interest by both the private sector and civil society who have taken the lead by developing unilateral agreements. Using existing literature and our current research, we examine the factors that motivate firms in Canada to participate in unilateral agreements and the characteristics of firms with the higher environmental performance and suggest some policy implications.     

The rediscovery of ‘the national’ in the 1990s – contexts,new cultural forms and practices in reunified Germany

This article examines how and in which societal and political contexts nationhood is expressed and symbolised in reunified Germany. This ‘rediscovery’ of nationhood since the 1990s mixes new and old motifs of the cultural repertoire of ‘the national’ for different purposes. Three main contexts triggered a rediscovery of ‘the national’ after 1989: reunification, immigration and the retrenchment of the social state. I argue, by analysing ethnographic material and political discourses, that these contexts, on the one hand, rearticulate old forms of ethnic and cultural nationalism and, on the other hand, create new images and symbols of an open civic society and immigration country. There are ‘playful’ forms, such as campaigns of nation branding, that symbolically include the ‘productive’ and ‘useful’ immigrant into the national project. Moreover, such campaigns serve to legitimatise the downsizing of the national state that – according to a neoliberal attitude – relies on a new community spirit of entrepreneurial, ‘activated’ citizens who ‘help themselves’. Thus, focusing on these pluralised renationalisation processes makes evident how polyvalent ‘the national’ still is. It can be employed by those who attempt to ‘reunite’ the East and West Germans, by businesses to sell their goods and ideas and by almost any political orientation, be it right‐wing or left‐wing.     

Reviews of Books

Arthur Waldron. The Great Wall of China: From History to Myth. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Pp. xiii, 296. $39.30 (us) Reviewed by John W. Dardess

Michael Mccormick. Eternal Victory: Triumphal Rulership in Late Antiquity, Byzantium and the Eariy Medieval West. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Pp. xx, 454. $4950 (us) Reviewed by Jonathan Shepard

Sylvia Schein. Fideles Cruets: The Papacy, the West, and the Recovery of the Holy Land, 1274-1314. New York: The Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press,1991. Pp. x, 310. $96.50 (CDN) Reviewed by James M. Powell

Donald M. Nicol. Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Pp. x, 465. $65.00(us). Reviewed by Irene B. Katele

Mikiso Hane. Premodem Japan: A Historical Survey. Boulder, Col.: Westview Press, 1991. Pp. xii, 258. $45-oo (us), dodi; $15.95 (us). paper Reviewed by Karl F. Friday

Albert Hourani. A History of the Arab Peoples. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, Harvard University Press, 1991. Pp. xx, 551. $24.95 (us). Reviewed by Donald Malcolm Reid

Peter Brock. Freedom from Violence: Sectarian Nonresistance from the Middle Ages to the Great War. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1991. Pp. x, 385.$5500 (CDN) Reviewed by Robert L. Holmes

Tom Scott and Bob Sckibner, eds. The German Peasants' War: A History in Documents. Atlantic Highlands, N.J. and London: Humanities Press International, 1991. Pp. xvii, 355. $60.00 (us) Reviewed by Thomas F. Sba

Bernard Bailyn and Philip D. Morgan, eds. Strangers within the Realm:Cultural Margins of the First British Empire. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1991. Pp. 456. $39.93 (us), clodi; $14.95 (us). paper Reviewed by Robert Olwell

George S. Keyes. Minor of Empire: Dutch Marine Art of the Seventeenth Century. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Pp. xiv, 444. $65.00 (us) Reviewed by J.R. Jones

Desmond Gregory. Minorca, the Illusory Prize: A History of the British Occupations of Minorca between 1708 and 1802. Rudierford: Farieigh Dickinson University Press; London and Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1989.Pp. 395- S38.50 (us) Reviewed by N.A.M. Rodger

Richard B. Sher and Jeffrey R. Smitten, eds. Scotland and America in the Age of the Enlightenment. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990. Pp. xii,307. $4500 (us) Reviewed by Eric Richards

Kenneth J. Hagan. This People's Navy: The Making of American Sea Power. New York: Free Press (MacmiHan), 1991. Pp. xiii, 434. $27.95 (us) Reviewed by Anthony S. Nicolosi

William Jeffrey Welsh and David Curtis Skaggs, eds. War on the GreatLakes: Essays Commemorating the 175th Anniversary of the Battle of Lake Eric. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1991. Pp. vi, 154. $29.00 (us), clodi;$17.50 (us), paper Reviewed by Jane Errington

Eugene L. Rasok. British Naval History situe 1815: A Guide to the Literature. New York: Garland, 1990. Pp. xxi, 841. $90.00 (us) Reviewed by Bryan Ranft

Carl Van Dyke. Russian Imperial Military Doctrine and Education, 1832-1914. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1990. Pp. xvi, 193. $55.00 (us) Reviewed by Keith Neilson

Clive Moore, Jacquelin B. Leckie, and Doug Munbo, eds. Labour, in the South Pacific. Townsville: James Cook University of Northern Queensland,1990. Pp. li, 335- $30.00 (us) Reviewed by I.C. Campbell

William F. Sateh. The United States and the Americas: Chile and the United States: Empires in Conflict. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1990. Pp. xi,249. $30.00 (us), clodi; $15.00 (us), paper Reviewed by Brian Loveman

James Petras and Morris Morley. US Hegemony under Siege: Class, Politics and Development in Latin America. London: Verso, 1990. Pp. viii, 258. £32.95,doth; £10.95, paper Reviewed by Richard H. Collin

Frank Niess. A Hemisphere to Itself: A History of US-Latin American Relations, Tans. Harry Drost. London and New Jersey: Zed Press; dist. Adantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press International, 1990. Pp. xx, 229. $15.95us), paper Reviewed by Richard H. Collin

Frank Mcnitt. Navajo Wars: Military Campaigns, Slave Raids, and Reprisals. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1990. Pp. xv, 477. $18.50(us) Reviewed by Ted J. Warner

Richard Gray. Black Christians and White Missionaries. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1990. Pp. viii, 134. $20.00 (us) Reviewed by M.F.C. Bourdillon

Heinz Joachim Domnick. Der Krieg der Tripel-Allianz in der deutschen Historiographie uni Pubtizistik: Zur Erforschung des historischen Lateinamerikabildcsim 19. uni zo.Jahrhuniert. New York: Peter Lang, 1990. Pp. 291. $64.80 (us) Reviewed by Friedrich E. Schuller

John Kendle. Ireland and the Federal Solution: The Debate over the United Kingdom Constitution, 1870-1921. Kingston and Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1989. Pp. vii, 295. $34.95 (CDN) Reviewed by Keith Jeffey

Andreas Osterhaus. Europäiscker Terraingewinn in Sckwarzafiica: Das Vcrkâltnisvon Presse und Verwaltung in seeks Kolonien Deutschtands, Frankreicks und Groβbritanniens von 1894 bis 1914. New York: Peter Lang, 1990. Pp. 521.$68.80 (us) Reviewed by J.K. Osterhammel

Brian Digre. Imperialism's New Clothes: The Repartition of Tropical Africa, 1914-1919. New York: Peter Lang, 1990. Pp. xiii, 225. $44.95 (us) Reviewed by J.K. Osterhammel

Elizabeth A. Muenger. The British Military Dikmma in Ireland: OccupationPolitics, 1886-1914. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1991. Pp. ix, 234.$29-95 (US) Reviewed by Ian E.W. Beckett

Haim Shamir, ed. France and Germany in an Age of Crisis 1900-1960: Studies in Memory of Chartes Bloch. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1990. Pp. vi, 411. $75.00 (us) Reviewed by Carole Fink

Samuel R. Williamson, JR. Austria and the Origins of the First World War. London: Macmillan, 1991. Pp. xviii, 272. £35.00, cloth; £9.99, paper Reviewed by F.R. Bridge

Dennis E. Showaltek. Tannenberg: Clash of Empires. Hamden, Conn.:Archon Books, 1991. Pp. vii, 419. $42.50 (us) Reviewed by John W. Steinberg

Denis Winter. Haig's Command: A Reassessment. London: Viking, 1991. Pp.36a. £18.99 Reviewed by Gerard J. De Groot

Louis P. Cassimatis. American Influence in Greece, 1917-1929. Kent, Ohio:Kent State University Press, 1988. Pp. xiii, 300. $25.00 (us) Reviewed by Mark Mazower

Houshang Sabahi. British Policy in Persia 1918-1925. London: Frank Cats,1990. Pp. 269. £30.00 Reviewed by J.R. Ferris

Barry Eichencreen. Elusive Stability: Essays in the History of International Finance, 1919-1939. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Pp. xi, 335.$49-95 (us) Reviewed by Sheila M. Rimmer

Norman Ingram. The Politics of Dissent: Pacifism in France 1910-1939. New York: The Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 1991. Pp. x, 366.$100.00 (CDN) Reviwied by Robert J. Young

Marc Raeff. Russia Abroad: A Cultural History of the Russian Emigration, 1919-1039. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990. Pp. viii, 239. $41.95 (CDN) Reviewed by T.R. Ravindranathan

Stephen J. Valons. 'A Policy Calculated to Benefit China': The United States and the China Arms Embargo, 1919-1929. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1991.Pp. xxii, 155. $39.95 (us) Reviewed by Paul A. Varg

Michael J. Nozinski. Outrage at Uncheng: China Enters the Twentieth Century. Scarborough, Ont.: Glenbridge Publishing, 1991. Pp. xxiii, 243. $28.95(CDN) Reviewed by Nicholas R. Clifford

Chalmers Johnson. An Instance of Treason: Ozaki Hotsumi and the Sorge Spy Ring. Stanford, Cal.: Stanford University Press, 1990. Pp. 324. $39.50 (us),cloth; $12.95 (us), paper Reviewed by Hilary Conroy

Robert Allan Doughty. The Breaking Point: Sedan and the Fall of France, 1940. Hamden, Conn.: Shoe String Press, 199a Pp. xiv, 374. $39.50 (us) Reviewed by S.P. MacKenzie

Arthur J. Marder, Mark Jacobsen, and John Horsfibld. Old Friends New Enemies: The Royal Navy and the Imperial Japanese Navy: Volume II: The Pacific War, 1942-1945. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990. Pp. xxx, 6a 1.$60.00 (us) Reviewed by Andrew Lambert

Mawb-Luisb Reckbr. Die Aussenpolitik des Dritten Retches. Munich: R.Oldenbourg Vedag, 1990. Pp. viii, 135. DM28 Reviewed by Robert Gellately

Alison R. Bernstein. American Indians and World War II: Toward a New Erain Indian Affairs. Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991.Pp. xiv, 247. $21.95 (us) Reviewed by Ted J. Warner

M.R.D. Foot, ed. Holland at War against Hitler. London: Frank Cass, 1990.Pp. XX, 258.,£2500 Reviewed by Werner Warmbrunn

Ann Trotter. New Zealand and Japan 1945-1932: The Occupation and the Peace Treaty. London and Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Athlone Press, 199a Pp. viii,231-U99S (us) Reviewed by Michael Schaller

Michael Wala. Winning the Peace: Amerikanische Aussenpolitik uni der Councilon Foreign Relations, 1945-1950. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1990. Pp. 331.DM68 Reviewed by Thomas Alan Schwartz

Douglas Stuaht and William Tow. The Limits of Alliance: NATO Out-of-Area Problems since 1949. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990. Pp. x, 383. $42.50 (us) Reviewed by Don M. Cregier

Thomas Alan Schwartz. America's Germany: John. McCloy and the Federal Republic of Germany. Cambridge, Mass, and London: Harvard University Press, 1991. Pp. xiii, 404. $29.95 (us) Reviewed by Lloyd E. Ambrosius

David L. Anderson. Trapped by Success: The Eisenhower Administration and Vietnam, 1953-1961. New York: Columbia University Press, 1991. Pp. xv,276. $39.50(us) Reviewed by H.W. Brands

Douglas Pike, ed. The Bunker Papers: Reports to the President fiom Vietnam, 1967-1973. Berkeley: University of California, Institute of East Asian Studies,1990. Pp. 899. $35.00 (us) Reviewed by Wallace J. Thies

Ebekhard Kienle. Bath v. Ba'th: The Conflict between Syria and Iraq 1968-1989. London: 1 3. Tauris, 1990. Pp. 238.,£29.95 Reviewed by Raymond A. Hinnebaush

John O. Crane and Sylvia Crane. Czechoslovakia: Anvil of the Cold War, Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1991. Pp. xxvi, 352. $45.00 (us) Reviewed by Radomir V. luza

Keith Neilson and Ronald G. Haycock, eds. The Cold War and Defense. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1990. Pp. vi, 206. (45.00 (us) Reviewed by Robert M. Hathaway

John B. Hattendorf and Malcolm H. Murfftt, eds. The Limitations of Military Power: Essays Presented to Professor Norman Gibbs on his Eightieth Birthday. London: Macrmullan, 1990. Pp. xx, 242.,£40.00 Reviewed by Wesley K. Wark

Kenneth C. Allard. Command, Control, and the Common Defense. NewHaven and London: Yale University Press, 1990. Pp. xiii, 317. $25.00 (us) Reviewed by Terry Copp

J.L. Gsanatstein And Robert Bothwell. Pirouette: Pierre Trudeau andCanadian Foreign Policy. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990. Pp. xiv,477- $35-00 (CDN) Reviewed by Thomas Keating

Roger E. Kan Et And Edward A. Kolodziej, eds. The Cold War asCooperation: Superpower Cooperation in Regional Conflict Management. London:Macmillan, 1991. Pp. xv, 439. £4.5.00 Reviewed by Wesley T. Wooley

Carl G. Jacobsen, ed. Strategic Power: USA/USSR. London: Macmillan,1990. Pp. xxiii, 519. £i9-99 Reviewed by Robert Malcolmson

Robert C. North. War, Peace, Survival: Global Politics and Conceptual Synthesis. Boulder, Col. and Oxford: Westview Press, 1990. Pp. xii, 298.$48.50 (us), cloth; $17-95 (us), paper Reviewed by Stephen Pelz

Eugene Sochor. The Politics of International Aviation. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1991. Pp. xix, 288. $36.00 (us) Reviewed by Richard C. Thornton