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Despite an increasing number of publications regarding the Pre-Columbian earthworks of the Llanos de Moxos, there have been no serious attempts to undertake a systematic survey of the archaeological remains of this lowland region in the Bolivian Amazon. Based on the GIS analysis of data gathered in the field and retrieved from satellite images, we discuss the spatial distribution of the Pre-Columbian settlements in a 4500 Km2 area of the Llanos de Moxos to the east of Trinidad, capital of the Beni Department, and their relationship with the geographical settings. Our findings shed new light on the prehistory of the region and bear important implications for our understanding of the impact of Pre-Columbian human occupation. 相似文献
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The Transnationalisation of Competing State Projects: Carbon Offsetting and Development in Sumatra's Coastal Peat Swamps 下载免费PDF全文
Indonesia's peatlands can be considered as conflict arenas where different state projects and actors compete. The case presented here stands for a new conservation controversy. The Berbak Carbon Initiatives overlap with a settlement project, inducing struggles among different state apparatuses, transnational actors, and peasants. This article is based on a novel conceptual approach building on political ecology, politics of scale and state theory for investigating divergent and transnationalised state projects. Empirically we draw on qualitative research conducted in the province of Jambi, Sumatra. We argue that the territorial conflicts mirror the contradictory interests of different state apparatuses influenced by conservation‐oriented and development‐oriented actors in society but also by supra‐national planning institutions. In our case, the contestation becomes visible through inconsistent notions of development and property. We show how political change challenges the implementation of a forest carbon project, illustrating the high risks of mitigating climate change through offsetting. 相似文献
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Australia is one of the world's largest exporters of raw sugar. The lower Herbert River floodplain, one of the four main cane growing areas in Queensland, is subject to extremes of rainfall. Some areas are prone to waterlogging, which can lead to reductions in cane and sugar yields. This paper examines the risk of waterlogging and the role of surface drains in the Ripple Creek area, a subcatchment of the lower Herbert River floodplain. Following above‐average rains at the onset of this study, a perched water table developed and remained for the duration of the 19 month study. The responses of the perched watertable and a deeper semi‐confined aquifer following rainfall are examined. The rapid response of the perched water table following rainfall is attributed to the shallow depth of the water table, with soil properties exerting a dominant influence on hydrograph response. In the second year of the study, after above‐average rainfall, the water table of the deeper aquifer was on average 1 m higher than during the former months of the study. This trend, however, did not occur in the perched water table, and this is attributed to the efficiency of the surface drainage network. 相似文献
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