Middle-range theory,behavioral archaeology,and postempiricist philosophy of science in archaeology

This paper examines middle-range theory (MRT) within processual and postprocessual archaeology. An analysis of the Binford-Schiffer dispute serves as a means of clarifying what MRT in processual archaeology is or is intended to be. Postprocessualists, despite their vigorous criticisms of MRT-based approaches, are found to rely on the same resources and types of reasoning to make their inferences. In their practice they tacitly turn to processualist middle-range principles, and so the justification of postprocessual interpretations is equivalent to that of MRT-based processualist models. If the middle range is functionally defined — a space within a research program occupied by varying theories that are taken from the body of general theory to which the program is committed and that function as background knowledge in the verification of theories — MRT bridges the epistemological gap between processual and postprocessual approaches.     

The correspondence of Johann Bartholomäus Trommsdorff (1770-1837): more then a source book of pharmaceutical history

The aim of this paper is to present the publication of the correspondence of Johann Bartholom?us Trommsdorff (1770 bis 1837) and to inform about the history of this project as well as the methodical proceedings and the content of these letters. The opportunities and limitations of the modern Trommsdorff research, based on the publication of his correspondence, will be shown. His contacts have been manifold and expansive. He corresponded with many famous scientists in pharmacy, chemistry, medicine and with important people of intellectual origin. Trommsdorff was a highly important person of the international European relationships in the field of pharmacy. Many publications certify the importance of the Trommsdorff-correspondence. The publication of these letters has opened new biographical aspects and allows to follow the connections and ways of communication in the new age of the foundation of scientific pharmacy.     

Vorreiter für die Geographie in der Immobilenbranche

Abstrakt Immer mehr Geographinnen und Geographen zieht es in die Immobilienbranche. Kein Wunder – das Berufsfeld bietet attraktive Arbeitsm?glichkeiten im In- und Ausland. über Anforderungen und Chancen, aber auch über noch bestehende Defizite in der geographischen Ausbildung sprachen Dipl.-Geogr. Maike Dziomba, Sprecherin des AK Immobilien, und Dipl.-Geogr. Ute C. Bauer, Redaktion STANDORT, mit Dipl.-Geogr. Hartmut Bulwien von der BulwienGesa AG. Er ist zugleich langj?hriges DVAG-Mitglied und Pr?sident der gif (Gesellschaft für immobilienwirtschaftliche Forschung e.V.).     

Moderner Naturschutz heute

Ebenso wie die ganze Gesellschaft wandeln sich auch die Ziele des Naturschutzes und das Verständnis seiner Umsetzung. Zum reinen Artenschutzgedanken haben sich längst weitere Aufgaben und Probleme hinzugesellt. Mit dem Präsidenten des Bundesamtes für Naturschutz (BfN) in Bonn, PROF. DR. HARTMUT VOGTMANN , sprach DIPL.-GEOGR. UTE C. BAUER über seine Auffassungen zum modernen Naturschutz     

Plant-food preparation area on an Upper Paleolithic brush hut floor at Ohalo II,Israel

While a division of domestic space into separate sectors dedicated to different activities has been suggested for a number of Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherer sites, it has never been demonstrated based on plant remains from this period. Moreover, due to the usual scarcity of plant macrofossils in archaeological deposits, only animal food preparation activities associated with hearths have been reported in the literature on Near Eastern prehistory. Ohalo II (Israel) is the first Upper Paleolithic site where such a patterned use of interior space and plant processing are evidenced by the distribution of plant remains on a sealed floor of a brush hut. This paper describes and interprets the distribution of almost 60,000 identified seeds and other plant remains on that floor, proposing a reconstruction of three activity areas in the interior of the 12-m² hut: processing of food centered on a grinding stone; a flint knapping area; and an access area in between. Finally, it is suggested that these activity areas might represent male-female division of labor.