Innovation across cities

This paper examines the distribution of patenting activity across cities in the OECD, using a sample of 218 cities from 2000 to 2008. We obtain three main results. First, patenting activity is more concentrated than population and GDP. Second, patenting activity is less persistent than population and GDP, especially in the middle of the distribution. Third, in a parametric model, patenting does not exhibit mean‐reversion, and is positively associated with GDP and population density. Our results suggest that policymakers can influence the amount of innovative activity through the use of appropriate policies.     

Measuring Spatial Autocorrelation of Vectors

This article introduces measures to quantify spatial autocorrelation for vectors. In contrast to scalar variables, spatial autocorrelation for vectors involves an assessment of both direction and magnitude in space. Extending conventional approaches, measures of global and local spatial associations for vectors are proposed, and the associated statistical properties and significance testing are discussed. The new measures are applied to study the spatial association of taxi movements in the city of Shanghai. Complications due to the edge effect are also examined.     

西夏语“头项”词义考

以往学界认为有关西夏汉文文献中的"头项"意为"头领、首领",也是西夏的一种军事组织,这一认识并不准确。传世汉文西夏文献中的"头项"乃是"头绪、种类"等义,而西夏文文献中的"头项"则是"事宜、事项"的意思,可以用作"同位语"。同一常用词在夏汉文本中词义的不对等,说明西夏语在词义衍生的思维模式层面与汉语是不一致的。     

巴马长寿旅游资源开发问题研究

巴马县是闻名国内外的长寿之乡,也是经济比较贫困落后的县份,如何以长寿旅游环境的开发为锲机,促进经济的发展是一个很值得研究的问题。本文分析了巴马县旅游资源开发的环境,对巴马县长寿环境的旅游潜力进行了评估。指出巴马的旅游业的开发应着眼于本县财政拮据,资金困难,但长寿之乡的知名度在国内外都很高,而且国际上人口又有老龄化的趋势等特点,突出长寿特点,一开始就要高起点,由财团介入以承租开发方式,统一规划,统一招商,统一国内外的广告市场宣传,尽快形成旅游开发热点,促进巴马县经济的发展和腾飞。     

Age profiles of rhino fauna from the Middle Pleistocene Nanjing man site,south China—explained by the rhino specimens of living species

A total of 60 pieces of rhino materials have been identified from the Nanjing Man site. Morphologically, they belong to the species Dicerorhinus mercki. Among the materials, 40 pieces are broken bones, and 20 are isolated teeth or jaw bones (totally comprising 41 tooth units). Among the teeth, 74% are deciduous, most of them attached to jaws. Other isolated teeth are not greatly worn, meaning they were not naturally replaced, so they represent juvenile animals. Because the skeletons are completely isolated and most of them are broken, their death can not be attributed to a natural trap. Therefore, it is very probable that hominid activities were associated with rhinos at this site. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

山西垣曲商城出土部分铜器的科学研究

1993年,国家博物馆考古部与山西省考古研究所联合对山西垣曲商城进行的发掘获得了一大批珍贵的遗物,其中在商城内的古道路旁,发现了属于商代早期的炼铜遗迹,出土了铜器残片、炼铜炉壁、炉渣等丰富的遗迹、遗物,这批遗物的发现对于深入研究我国青铜时代特别是青铜时代最重要的时期--商王朝的青铜冶炼技术的发展状况具有极其重要的价值,北京大学和国家博物馆合作对出土的部分铜器、炼渣进行了科学分析.共取青铜样品7件,样品清单见表一.致谢:清华大学摩擦学国家重点实验室的杨文言高级工程师在扫描电镜观察、电子能谱分析过程中给予了重要的帮助,在此深表谢忱!     

辽塔相关调查及研究概述

本文对20世纪以来国内外学者对于中国辽代佛塔的研究状况进行回顾,以时间为主线,将辽代佛塔研究分为三个大的阶段,详细阐述了20世纪初日本学者、20世纪前期中国学者以及上世纪后期至今当代学者对辽代佛塔的研究成果,介绍了国内外学者从建筑历史、建筑结构、佛教内涵、艺术特色等角度对辽代佛塔的看法和观点,理清了辽代佛塔研究的脉落,并简要讨论以往主研究中存在的若干问题,有助于更好地了解和研究辽代佛塔。     

关于清代内札萨克蒙古盟的雏形——以理藩院满文题本为中心

盟旗制度是清代施行于外藩蒙古的核心管理制度。然而该制度完善于雍正至乾隆时期,因文献资料匮乏,该制度如何形成、如何演变,于清朝初期如何运作均付之阙如。而清廷主管此事务的机构理藩院,却在其顺治年间上报题本中涉及该事务。通过顺治年间满文理藩院题本这一遗留性史料,探讨清初蒙古会盟制度雏形遂成为可能。本文即依据此全新资料,对盟旗制度形成前,蒙古的会盟情况进行探讨,通过对题本的文本分析,在前人研究的基础上进一步补充、完善清初会盟制度的运行过程,以求使此问题更加清晰明了。     

关于河姆渡原始艺术的探讨

河姆渡艺术研究应结合其他文物的考证,将其置于特定的历史和文化背景之中,通过对艺术现象的考察,探索其形成的原因、艺术特色、风格特征。     

满学研究与当代满族的关系

针对满学研究“厚古薄今”的偏向,作者提出满学研究应增加现实的色彩,使之变得更加丰满。