Rock engravings in the Wadi el-Barramiya,Eastern Desert of Egypt

This paper describes new rock art sites in the region east of Idfu, where at least 50 sites with several thousands of petroglyphs offer huge potential for future research. Site ET-A/WB 4 provides the largest representation of a boat yet discovered in the Eastern Desert; it is part of a scene extending over about 10 m of rock with boats, animals and human figures in procession. This scene and another one from site ET-A/WB 5 can be dated to the transition from the prehistoric to the dynastic periods. All sites in the Wadi el-Barramiya are endangered due to their location near a main road used by construction works and visitors.

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Résumé Dans cet article quelques sites à gravures rupestres récemment découverts dans la région à l'est d'Idfu sont décrits. Une cinquantaine de ces sites avec des milliers de pétroglyphes présentent un potentiel énorme pour les recherches futures. Le site ET-A/WB 4 nous donne la représentation d'un bâteau la plus grande connue jusqu' à présent dans le désert oriental d'Egypte. Cette représentation cependant ne constitue qu'un morceau d'un tableau qui se prolonge sur environ 10 m de la surface rocheuse avec des bâteaux, des animaux et des formes humaines en cortège. Ce tableau ainsi qu'un autre du site ET-A/WB 5 peut être situé chronologiquement à la transition de l'époque préhistorique et l'époque dynastique. Tous les sites du Wadi el-Barramiya sont menacés en raison de leur proximité d'une grande route fréquentée par les touristes et aussi par les travaux publics.

     

A BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS OF A REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT INCENTIVE: STATE LOANS*

The luster of economic growth, the existence of depressed regions, and the fear of competition from giveaway programs in other states have all resulted in state governments adopting a rash of programs designed to encourage a strong manufacturing base for their economy. Many economists feel uneasy about the rapid spread of such industrial incentive programs as tax breaks, government loans, and industrial revenue bonds.¹ The literature of public finance, development, and regional economics contains many interesting studies examining the wisdom of these undertakings. This paper hopes to contribute by developing a method of benefit-cost analysis for appraisal of industrial incentive programs. Even though the model is constructed for and applied to the analysis of state government industrial development loans, the principles formulated should be easily adaptable to the assessment of other types of regional development programs. A secondary objective of the paper is to discuss the first empirical application of a model which accounts for possible differences between the social opportunity cost of foregone investment and that of foregone consumption.²     

Books in brief

Books

Gerald E. Caiden, The Commonwealth Bureaucracy, Melbourne University Press, pp. 443 + xvi, $8.50.

Denis Kenny, The Catholic Church and Freedom: The Vatican Council and Some Modern Issues, University of Queensland Press, St. Lucia 1967, pp. 236, $4.00.

John H. Fenton, People and Parties in Politics, Scott, Foresman, Glenview, Ill., 1966, pp. 147, $U.S.3.95.

Bradbury Seasholes, Voting, Interest Groups, and Parties, Scott, Foresman, Glenview, Ill., 1966, pp. 136, $U.S.2.50.

P. H. Lane, An Introduction to Australian Constitutional Law, Law Book Co., Sydney 1967, pp. 131, $7.50.

P. E. Joske, Australian Federal Government, Butterworths, Sydney 1967, pp. 240, $7.75.

Raymond J. O'Dea, A Guide to Industrial Relations in Australia,West Publishing Corporation, Sydney 1967, pp. 119, $3.00.

J. E. Isaac and G. W. Ford, eds., Australian Labour Economics: Readings, Sun Books, Melbourne 1967, pp. 452, $3.50.

D. B. Williams, ed., Agriculture in the Australian Economy, Sydney University Press 1967, pp. 349, $6.00.

Edward C. Dreyer and Walter A. Rosenbaum, eds., Political Opinion and Electoral Behaviour: Essays and Studies, Wadsworth Publishing Co., Belmont, California, 1966, pp. 495, $4.95.

Lewis A. Coser, ed., Political Sociology: Selected Essays, Harper & Row, New York 1967, pp. 274, $2.88.

Axioms of Kwame Nkrumah, Nelson, London 1967, pp. 85, $1.80.

William E. Griffith, ed., Communism in Europe: Continuity, Change, and the Sino‐Soviet Dispute, 2 vols., pp. 406, 439.

Robert H. McNeal, ed., International Relations Among Communists, Prentice‐Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1967, pp. 182, $U.S.2.45.

Australian Institute of Political Science, Communism in Asia: A Threat to Australia? ed. John Wilkes, Angus and Robertson, Sydney 1967, pp. 206, $1.95.

G. F. Trevallyn Jones, Saw‐Pitt Wharton: The political career from 1640 to 1691 of Philip, fourth Lord Wharton, Sydney University Press 1967, pp. 300, $5.00.

Pamphlets

John S. Baker, The Right to Strike and the White Collar Worker, Morgan Publications, Sydney 1967, pp. 42, 30c.

Catholics for Peace, Forum: Catholics, War, Vietnam, pp. 36, Sydney 1967, 40c + 10c postage.     

A Postcolonial Critique of Community Energy: Searching for Community as Solidarity in India and Scotland

Community renewable energy (CRE) represents a growing empirical and academic turn towards community‐based sustainability and climate change interventions. This paper brings together postcolonial theory and CRE for the first time to outline fundamental tensions in the conceptualisation and application of the idea of community. The understanding of community within the CRE discourse is largely: (1) location‐based; and/or (2) a community of choice that is consciously opted into. Driven by postcolonial theory, this paper counterpoises both as a form of community as contract against an idea of community as solidarity. Its central thesis is that actually existing community, contrary to how the bulk of CRE literature commonly understands it, is a combination of bonds of solidarity and emergent purposes. The paper conceptualises community as fluid bonds of solidarity that align and realign differently around different purposes.     

Experimental Boat and Ship Archaeology: Principles and Methods

The need for experiments to study physical aspects of craft of the past is stated, as well as the necessity for them to have clear aims and to follow the established principles of scientific enquiry. These principles are discussed in this joint paper by ten maritime archaeologists and others, together with methods and some points of management critical to their application in this field.     

Book notes

Paul Boreham, Alec Pemberton and Paul Wilson, (eds.), The Professions in Australia, A Critical Appraisal. University of Queensland Press, St. Lucia, 1976, pp. 290 + vii, $8.50, $12.95 cloth.

Goldstein, Ray, and Alley, Rod, (eds.), Labour in Power: Promise and Performance, Price Milburn for New Zealand University Press, Wellington, 1975, pp. 200, $3.96.