Walking the Land: Aboriginal Trails,Cultural Landscapes,and Archaeological Studies for Impact Assessment

Aboriginal people have occupied northern Alberta since the end of the last ice age. For most of that time they travelled across the land by foot, producing complex networks of trails, many of which may have great antiquity. Aboriginal people also modified the landscape extensively by the use of controlled burning. Lastly, they are immersed in and “read” the land as places with multiple cultural meanings, which in turn helped shape their cultures and identities. Together, these elements indicate the existence of a series of overlapping cultural landscapes for which the cross-country trails and waterways provide the grid. This article addresses the importance of traditional trails for identifying the cultural landscapes of northeastern Alberta and points to the rapid disappearance today of knowledge about such trails. It considers how archaeological investigations done in Alberta for Impact Assessment purposes fail to consider either trails or cultural landscapes in their surveys or to consult with Aboriginal people. As a result, government Review Panels making recommendations for whether or not an industrial project should be approved are basing their findings on incomplete information about Aboriginal land uses and meanings.     

An event of geographical ethics in spaces of affect

This paper contributes to a rethinking of the ethical sensibilities of geographical research in the context of an emerging interest amongst geographers in non-representational registers of thinking and moving. Rather than undermining geographical engagements with questions of the ethical, the paper argues that this emerging interest in questions of the non-representational actually extends the range and repertoire of empirical contexts and conceptual vehicles within and with which such an engagement can take place. The paper argues that attending to and through the relation between affect and ethics is particularly important to this effort. The importance of affect in this regard is illustrated through a series of examples drawn from an 18-month participatory encounter with a specific therapeutic practice, Dance Movement Therapy. Drawing upon such examples, the paper offers some lines of ethical potential that might provide orientation to further geographical research. In doing this, the paper concentrates in particular on the necessity of cultivating a fidelity to the affective event of geographical ethics as much as remaining faithful to the subject or object of an ethical code.     

Restudy in economic anthropology

T. Scarlett Epstein. South India: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1973. xv + 273 pp. Maps, tables, bibliography, and index. $15.00.     

Book reviews

SHOWCASE STATE: THE ILLUSION OF INDONESIA'S ‘ACCELERATED MODERNISATION’. Rex Mortimer (ed.). Angus and Robertson, 1973. 164 pp; 0–207–12826. $3.95 softbound, $5.95 hardbound.

FOREIGN POLICY AND NATIONAL INTEGRATION: THE CASE OF INDONESIA. Jon M. Reinhardt. Yale University Southeast Asia Studies, Monograph Series No. 17, 1971. Distributed by The Cellar Book Shop, 18090 Wyoming, Detroit, Michigan 48221. $US6.50.

ISLAMIC COURTS IN INDONESIA: A STUDY IN THE POLITICAL BASES OF LEGAL INSTITUTIONS. Daniel S. Lev. University of California Press, Berkeley, London, 1972. 281 pp.

AUSTRALIAN FOREIGN POLICY: TOWARDS A REASSESSMENT. Claire Clark (ed.). Cassell Australia, Melbourne, 1973. 274 pp. $3.75.

FREEDOM IN AUSTRALIA. Enid Campbell and Harry Whitmore. Second edition, Sydney University Press, Sydney, 1973. 488 pp. $15 cloth, $10 paper.

CONTEMPORARY NEW ZEALAND. K. W. Thomson and A. D. Trlin (eds.). Hicks Smith, Wellington, 1973. 456 01430 6. 218 pp.

CANADA'S SEARCH FOR NEW ROLES: FOREIGN POLICY IN THE TRUDEAU ERA. Peter C. Dobell. Oxford University Press, London, 1972. 0–19–285057–1. 161 pp. $5.10.

SOUTH AFRICA'S FOREIGN POLICY 1945–19701 James Barber. Oxford University Press, 1973. 0–19–21561–9. 325 pp. $13.15.

POWER AND EQUILIBRIUM IN THE 1970s. Alastair Buchan. Chatto & Windus, London, 1973. 0–7011–1998–5. 120 pp. $6.80.

THE SOVIET UNION IN WORLD AFFAIRS: A DOCUMENTED ANALYSIS, 1964–72. W. W. Kulski. Syracuse University Press, Box 8, University Sta, Syracuse, N.Y. 13210, USA, 1973. 526 pp. $US5.95 paper, $US17.50 hard cover.

THE RISE AND FALL OF THE NEW ROMAN EMPIRE: ITALY'S BID FOR WORLD POWER, 1890–1943. G. St. J. Barclay. Sidgwick and Jackson, London, 1973. 210 pp. 0283 97862. £3.95stg.

THE FRENCH COMMUNIST PARTY VERSUS THE STUDENTS. Richard Johnson. Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1972. 215 pp. 0–300–01525–9. $8.00 cloth, $1.95 paper.

STUDIES IN DEMOGRAPHY. Ashish Bose, P. B. Desai, and S. P. Jain (eds.). The University of North Carolina Press, 1972. 579 pp. $12.95.

A DIPLOMATIC HISTORY OF MODERN INDIA. Charles H. Heimsath and Surjit Mansingh. Allied Publishers, Calcutta, 1971. .559 pp. Rs. 30.

CHINA: THE REVOLUTION CONTINUED. Jan Myrdal and Gun Kessle. Penguin Books, U.S.A., 1973. 155 pp. $2.20.

MAO TSE‐TUNG AND GANDHI: PERSPECTIVES ON SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION. J. Bandyopadhyaya. Allied Publishers, Calcutta, 1973. 156 pp.

STUDIES IN POLITICS: NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL. M. S. Rajan (ed.). Vikas Publications, Delhi, 1971. 512 pp. Rs. 60.     

Missed Opportunities: Winston Churchill,the Air Ministry,and Africa, 1919–1921

Relying on a thorough examination of relevant archival documents housed in several European archives, this paper analyses Austrian Chancellor Metternich's Near Eastern policy from 1829 to 1833 with special attention paid to Austria's relations with Russia. Its primary goal is to refute some already deep-rooted claims relating to Metternich's attitudes towards Russia and the Ottoman Empire from 1829 to 1833 and to offer a different assessment of his role in the diplomatic concert to the one generally held by proving firstly that Metternich did not fear Russia's policy towards the Ottoman Empire during this period, secondly that his policy was consistent and the meeting in Münchengrätz in 1833 was not such an important turning point in the Austrian—Russian relations but simply the climax of the already existing good relationship between the two conservative Powers, and, finally, that no Austro-Russian quid pro quo was agreed upon in this North Bohemian town, which means that Metternich did not have to give up Austrian interests in the Near East for the Russian support in the West because both countries' interests in the two areas were identical. Finally, the paper attempts to point out the fact that though Metternich's policy definitely was conservative, it cannot be sufficiently explained by such a superficial single-word labelling because much of his rationality based upon an in-depth analysis of the affairs lay beyond it, at least of those issues concerning the Eastern Question in the early 1830s.