The Solidarity Revolution in Poland, 1980-1981

Abstract: This article, based upon in-depth interviews with anti-governmentleaders and activists, first explains the significance of theupheaval in Communist Poland in 1980–1981 and articulateshow the author became involved in this research and explainshis methodology. It then concentrates on the impact on the personallives of the participants and on social relations in Polandof the upheaval that produced an unprecedented-in-the-Soviet-blocindependent union with the right to strike. It shows how activistsdeveloped talents and cultivated abilities as they assumed responsibilitiesthat had previously been unavailable to them. It examines howworkers' lives changed as they grasped control of power: theirworking conditions improved; their status rose; they treatedone another better; they educated themselves. These changes,which contributed to the context in which the political struggleof that period took place, survived the suppression of the unionand ultimately contributed to bringing about the end of Communismin Poland.     

Creativity,health and arts advocacy

Creativity is popularly related to innovation and new ideas. This invention‐cognition view of creativity is too narrow a concept for artistic creativity. Artistic creation is also about reproducing traditions and emotional (“affective”) processes. Widespread use of the popular invention‐cognition view of creativity in arts advocacy obscures wider dimensions of artistic creativity. This article focuses attention on the affective dimension of artistic creation. It surveys “arts therapy” literature and investigates how lessons of this literature can be used to improve the persuasiveness of arts advocacy arguments that appeal to the concept of creativity.     

Reviews

The Iranian Constitutional Revolution, 1906–1911: Grassroots Democracy, Social Democracy, and the Origins of Feminism , Janet Afary, New York: Columbia University Press, 1996, xxi + 448 pp., Bibliography, Index.

Surveyors of Persian Art: A Documentary Biography of Arthur Upham Pope & Phyllis Ackerman , Jay Gluck and Noel Siver, eds., Ashiya, Japan: SoPA and Costa Mesa, Calif.: Mazda, 1996, xxii + 658 pp., illustrations, Bibliography, Index.

Syria and Iran: Rivalry and Cooperation , Hussein J. Agha and Ahmad S. Khalidi, London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1995, xii + 126 pp.

Iran and the Muslim World: Resistance and Revolution , Nikki R. Keddie, New York: New York University Press, 1995, ix + 303 pp.

Études safavides , Jean Calmard, ed., Bibliothèque Iranienne 39, Paris and Téhéran: Institut Français de Recherche en Iran, 1993, xiv + 389 pp., 58 plates.

Women and Fundamentalism: Islam and Christianity , Shahin Gerami, Women's History and Culture, Vol. 9, New York and London: Garland Publishing, 1996, xiii + 178 pp.

The Persian Revolution , Edward G. Browne, Abbas Amanat, ed., New Edition, Washington: Mage Publishers, 1995, Ixiv + 470 pp., Introduction, correspondence, reviews.

Iran After the Revolution: Crisis of an Islamic State, Saeed Rahnema and Sohrab Behdad, eds., London and New York: I.B. Taurus, 1995, xii + 292 pp., Index.

Mediaeval Isma^cili History and Thought ,Farhad Daftary, ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996, xviii + 331 pp.

A Journey to Persia: Jean Chardin's Portrait of a Seventeenth‐Century Empire , R.W. Ferrier, ed., London and New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996, 256 pp., illustrations.

George Ball: Behind the Scenes in U.S. Foreign Policy ,James A. Bill, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997.

Shi^ca Islam: From Religion to Revolution , Heinz Halm, translated by Allison Brown, Princeton, New Jersey: Markus Wiener Publishers, 1997, 176 pp.

Iran and the Former Soviet South , Edmund Herzig, London: Royal Institute for Foreign Affairs, 1995.

Torture and Modernity: Self, Society and State in Modern Iran , Darius M. Rejali, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1994, xviii + 289 pp.     

An Analysis of Capitation for Mental Health Services

The major impetus for health care reform clearly seems to be the desire to contain the cost of health care. One of the major cost-containment methods proposed is capitation. Capitation poses specific problems when applied to mental health services delivery. This article discusses several of the major issues pertaining to the utility of capitation in mental health, discusses on-going capitation efforts, and provides an evaluation of capitation programs. Future directions for research on capitation in mental health are then suggested.     

Reviews

Kavosh‐e rasad khaneh‐ye Maragheh va negahi be pishineh‐ye setareh shenasi dar Iran , [The Excavation of the Maragheh Observatory and a Look at the History of Astronomy in Iran], Parviz Varjavand, Tehran: Amir Kabir, 1987, xvi+ 513 pp.

Khans and Shahs: A Documentary Analysis of the Bakhtiyari in Iran , Gene R. Garthwaite, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983, xiii + 213 pp., 3 microfiche negatives.

Kalila wa Dimna: An Animal Alleqory of the Mongol Court: The Istanbul University Album , Jill Sanchia Cowen. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989, xiii + 176 pp. + index, 16 color plates and some 75 black‐and‐white illustrations. $40.00.

Content and Context of Visual Arts in the Islamic World , Priscilla Soucek, ed., University Park & London: Pennsylvania State University Press for the College Art Association of America, 1988,277 pp., 223 black‐and‐white‐photographs; hardcover, $42.50

The History of al‐Tabari: Ta'rikh al‐rusul wa'l‐mulük, an Annotated Translation , Muhammad ibn Jarir al‐Tabari, General editor, Ehsan Yar‐Shater, various translators, vols. II, IV, VII.’XVIII, XXVII, XXXV, XXXVII, XXXVIII, New York: State University of New York Press, 1985‐, SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies (ed. Said Amir Arjomand): Bibliotheca Persica (ed. Ehsan Yar‐Shater).

Iran: The Crisis of Democracy 1941–1953 , Fakhreddin Azimi, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989, xi + 344 pp., notes to p. 404, bibliography to p. 422, index to p. 422. $39.95.

The Vanished Imam: Musa al‐Sadr and the Shi'a of Lebanon , Fouad Ajami, Ithaca & London: Cornell University Press, 1986, 228 pp., $17.95.

Freedom from the Self: Sufism, Meditation, and Psychotherapy, Mohammad Shafii, New York: Human Sciences Press, 1985, 261 pp.

A Jeweler's Eye: Islamic Arts of the Book from the Vever Collection , Glenn D. Lowry, with Susan Nemazee. 240 pp., 76 color plates, b&w illus.

An Annotated and Illustrated Checklist of the Vever Collection , Glenn D. Lowry and Milo Cleveland Beach with Roya Marefat and Wheeler M. Thackston. 448 pp., 456 b&w illus.Arthur M. Sackler Gallery and University of Washington Press, Washington, D.C. and Seattle, 1989, 2 volume set, $125.00

Iran in the Twentieth Century: A Political History , M. Reza Ghods. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1989, 296 pp., including notes, selected bibliography, index. $35.00 cloth.

Insurgency Through Culture and Religion: The Islamic Revolution of Iran , M. M. Salehi. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1988, pp. vii + 186. $37.95 cloth.

Qajar Persia , A.K.S. Lambton, Austin: University of Texas Press, 1988, 341 pp., index, hardcover, $27.50.

Nameha‐ye Tab'id , (Letters in Exile), Mirza Aqa Khan Kcrmani, Homa Nateq & Mohammad Firuz, eds., Bonn: Hafez Verlag, 1365/1986, 201 pp., no price indicated.

The Iranian Mojahedin , Ervand Abrahamian, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989, 261 pp., notes, bibliography and index to p. 307, hardcover $27.50

Texte sur Agrargesetzgebung in der Isiamischen Republik Iran, übersetzt, kommentiert und annotiert , [Texts about Agrarian Legislation in the Islamic Republic of Iran], Asghar Schirazi, (Ethnizität und Gesellschaft, Probleme ethnischer grenzziehung in gesellschaften des vordern und mittleren orients, Frcie Univcrsilät Berlin), Berlin: Das Arabisch Buch, 1988, 381 pp.

The Chronicle of Theophanes , Translated from the Greek, with an introduction and notes, by Harry Turtledove, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1982, 201 pp.

“The Government of God” — Iran's Islamic Republic , Chery1 Benard & Zalmay Khalilzad, New York: Columbia University Press, 1984, xiv + 240 pp.

Advice on the Art of Governance (Mau'izah‐i Jahangiri) of Muhammad Baqir Najm‐i Sani: An Indo‐Islamic Mirror for Princes , Persian translation with introduction, translation, and notes by Sajida Sultana Alvi, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989, x + 215 pp., Paper $14.95; cloth, $44.50

Cinema in Iran, 1900–1979 , Mohammad Ali Issari, New York: Scarecrow Press, 1990,446 pages. Hardcover. Illustrated.

The Ghazals of Hafez: Concordance and Vocabulary , Daniela Meneghini Correale. Rome: Cultural Institute of the the Islamic Republic of Iran in Italy, 1988, 894 pp.

Naser‐e Khosraw's Book of Travels (Safarnama) Translated from Persian, with introduction and annotation by W.M. Thackston, Jr., Persian Heritage Series, No. 36, New York: Bibliotheca Persica, 1986, xii + 135 pp.

Roots of North Indian Shi'ism in Iran and Iraq: Religion and State in Awadh, 1722–1858 , J.R.I.Cole, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988, xiv + 327 pp., $38.00.

Musaddiq, Iranian Nationalism, and Oil , James A. Bill and W.M. Roger Louis, eds. London: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd., 1988, 358 pp. Published simultaneously by the University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas. $30.00 hardcover.

A Bibliography of Afghanistan , Keith McLachlan & William Whittaker, Cambridgeshire: Middle East & North African Studies Press Limited (Menas Press Ltd.), 1983, xiii, + 671 pp., index, map, hardcover, UK£ 55.25, paperback, UK£ 19.50

The Qashqa'i of Iran , Lois Beck. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986, xvi + 384 pp., maps, bibliography (p. 353), and index (p. 369). S30.00 hardback.

Iran Media Index , Hamid Naficy, compiler. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1984, xxxiii + 265 pp.

Religious Trends in Early Islamic Iran , Wilferd Madelung, Albany: State University of New York Press (Bibliotheca Persica), 1988, x + 128 pp., hardcover $32.50, paper $9.95

The State and Social Revolution in Iran: A Theoretical Perspective, Farrokh Moshiri, New York: Lang Publishing Inc., 1985, xvii + 232 pp., no price listed.