Characterizations of palace lantern tassels preserved in The Palace Museum,Beijing, by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF

Palace lanterns were important and highly visible decorations in the imperial palace in Beijing, China, during the Qing dynasty (1636–1912). Most lanterns had colourful tassels made of fibres. The study performed a comprehensive investigation of the materials and dyes used for palace lantern tassels preserved in The Palace Museum, Beijing. Eight samples with different colours, including yellow, green and red, from five palace lanterns were analysed. By using ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the compositions of the dyes were identified quickly, and thus the dyes' origins were explored. A X-ray fluorescence spectrometer assisted in the detection of whether a mordant was used during the dyeing process. As a result, the tassels were all made of silk, discovered through the use of microscopic observation and micro-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry analysis. Different dyeing techniques were found in these tassels: yellow tassels were dyed by cork tree or turmeric by a direct dyeing method; greens were dyed by pagoda bud with an iron mordant, or by the combination of cork tree and indigo using multi-dyeing method; and red tassels were coloured with different acid red industrial dyes. These results provide valuable data for the conservation of ancient textile tassels and contribute to the investigation of other hanging tags.     

Bringing Chinese Law in Line with Western Standards? Problematizing “Chinese” and “Western” in the Late Qing Debate over the New Criminal Code of Great Qing

This article examines the intense debates over the New Criminal Code of Great Qing (Da-Qing xin xinglü) in the National Assembly (Zizheng yuan) during the Qing empire’s New Policy Reform (1901–11). The focus is on the conflict between those who drafted and supported the new code and those who expressed reservations, especially over reform of the laws on filial piety and fornication. The issue of reconfiguring the family and social order through law was closely related to the overarching agenda of twentieth century legal reform in China—making an empire that “ruled through the principle of filial piety” into a modern nation-state that had direct relationships with its citizens. More importantly, an analysis of the late Qing debate over family law enables this article to problematize such concepts as “Chinese” and “Western” during this crucial moment of China’s empire-to-nation transformation. It showcases the paradox of China’s modern-era reforms—a contradiction between imposing Western-inspired order with a largely indigenous logic and maintaining existing sociopolitical order in the name of preserving national identity.     

多伦多都市区的居住空间结构研究

本文采用因子生态分析方法剖析多伦多都市区的居住空间结构。主成分分析表明,家庭构成、年龄构成、职业构成是形成城市居住分异的主要因素。聚类分析表明,家庭构成和年龄构成的分异呈同心园格局,职业构成的分异呈扇形格局。形成这种居住分异格局的机制包括动力机制、管理机制和行为机制三个方面。     

The measurement of taxonomic evenness in zooarchaeology

Zooarchaeologists frequently measure taxonomic evenness to document subsistence change and to understand the response of faunal communities to paleoenvironmental change. Although the measurement of evenness is commonplace, there are numerous challenges involved. Evenness indices are sensitive to changing richness, and by extension sample size, and various indices respond differently to changing taxonomic abundances (i.e., changing evenness). To refine protocol for comparing assemblages of varied sampling effort and identify indices that may be more useful for zooarchaeological applications, we examine the quantitative behavior of the widely used Shannon evenness and Simpson indices and two others more commonly used by ecologists. These indices are examined in relation to varied richness, sample size, and taxonomic abundances. We show that although zooarchaeologists are concerned with identifying and correcting for the effects of sample size on evenness, it may be appropriate to instead focus on how richness modulates evenness. Based on our analyses, we recommend the Simpson index for most zooarchaeological applications, except when comparing evenness across assemblages that are very even.     

试析元代磁州窑绘画枕上的蒙元人物形象

磁州窑宋金元时期生产的陶瓷枕,在装饰上展现了丰富的技法和多样的题材,其上的图像形象记录了绘画、服饰、民风民俗、社会审美以及历史题材等纷繁内容,成为特殊的古代艺术与文化载体。对图像的不断解析,有助于准确解读其真实内涵、绘画意境与文化背景。笔者尝试对磁州窑陶瓷枕上反映的蒙元人物图像加以解析如下:     

卢梭回归自然的美学之境

卢梭的“自然美”思想丰赡深邃,精远宏阔.从美育目标、理念、重点三个层面梳理了卢梭自然主义美育思想的核心内容,将其教育特点归纳为整体性、平民性、情感性和自然性,并着重阐述了这一思想对新时期我国美育工作的四个重要启示:即注重美育工作的辩证性;尊重美育实践的主体性;激励美育过程的情感性;倡导美育内容的生态性.     

秦兵马俑和汉阳陵遗址保存环境之比较

为了探索一种适宜的遗址文物保存方式,在四季分明,气候变化较为剧烈的西北地区的文物遗址环境区,达到最大程度保护遗址文物的目的,通过对开放式的秦始皇兵马俑博物馆一号坑遗址环境的建筑结构、温度和相对湿度变化及大气颗粒物进行分析监测,并与封闭式汉阳陵博物馆外葬坑的结果进行对比研究,发现单从环境温湿度恒定、阻挡室外颗粒污染物和气态污染物的角度来讲,封闭式的汉阳陵博物馆存在明显的优势。但依然不能阻止温湿度的季节间波动和室外空气污染物渗入的威胁,同时还要预防室内污染的发生,并且出现玻璃护围内部结露,文物大面积返碱等问题,并不能很好解决文物良好保存和观展目的。所以依旧需要探索一种适宜的遗址文物保存方式,既能保持文物保存环境的温湿度的相对稳定和洁净,又能缓解全封闭玻璃护围内部结露,文物大面积返碱等问题,最大程度延长遗址文物的寿命的同时,满足观众参观的需求。本对比研究结果可为今后的设计提供参考。     

徐祖正骆驼书屋所藏"闺闱丛珍"

一、骆驼书屋的主人及其藏书概况 有关藏书家徐祖正的资料,仅<文献家通考>中有这样的叙述:"徐祖正,江苏昆山人,字号、生卒年及仕履未详.     

雷家坪遗址出土六朝玻璃珠的相关研究

采用显微观察、X射线衍射物相分析和X射线荧光光谱成分测试等手段,对湖北省巴东县雷家坪遗址六朝时期墓葬出土的若干精美“珠饰”进行了观察和分析,阐述了它们的特征,确定其材质;并与其他遗址出土不同时期的玻璃制品进行比较,发现其配方和我国西周至汉代玻璃,以及西方传统玻璃差别甚大。结合考古背景资料分析,这批珠饰很有可能是我国古代工匠在原有玻璃技术基础上,借鉴和吸收了外来玻璃的制造技术,在中国境内自行烧制的。