Local mining or lead importation in the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis? Lead isotope analysis of curse tablets from Roman Carthage,Tunisia

This study attempts to determine if there was Roman lead mining in Africa Proconsularis, approximately the area of modern day Tunisia, using lead isotope analysis. Another important aspect of the study is the innovative use of electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) as a screening tool to greatly reduce the number of expensive lead isotope analyses needed for the study. The EMPA X-ray mapping for arsenic, antimony, copper, and silver narrowed the sample of curse tablets to those most likely produced from Tunisian ores; these tablets were then tested using thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) analysis. A total of 96 Roman lead curse tablets from Carthage, Tunisia were screened with EMPA and twenty selected for TIMS to determine the ore sources of the lead used to manufacture the tablets. Comparing the lead isotope ratios of twelve of the sixteen tablets most likely to be made of Tunisian lead to samples of Tunisian ores suggests that the Romans were mining lead in Africa Proconsularis and were not relying solely on imports.     

Places and Spaces I've Been: Geographies of female flight attendants in the United States

This article presents an evaluation of the flight attendant profession in the United States through a geographical lens. It suggests that geographies of mobility, placelessness and the body coalesce in the work of women flight attendants, creating an occupation that is both liberating and constraining. It has allowed women to traverse and occupy space, to belong to an occupational community and to have access to ‘bounded’ spaces outside the domestic sphere. Yet it is also work that is highly disorientating and tiring, and which involves significant monitoring and supervision of women's bodies. The purpose of the article is to argue that in encountering this combination of geographies, often in extreme forms, flight attendants participate in a unique work experience.