Development in the dependent state: The Kenyan case

COLONIALISM AND UNDERDEVELOPMENT IN EAST AFRICA: THE POLITICS OF ECONOMIC CHANGE, 1919–1939. E.A. Brett. Heinemann Educational Books, London, 1973.

RACIAL BARGAINING IN INDEPENDENT KENYA: A STUDY OF MINORITIES AND DECOLONIZATION. Donald Rothchild. Oxford U.P. for Institute of Race Relations, London, 1973.

THE POLITICAL INTEGRATION OF URBAN SQUATTERS. Marc Howard Ross. North Western U.P., Chicago, 1973.

KENYA: THE POLITICS OF PARTICIPATION AND CONTROL. Henry Bienen. Princeton U.P., Princeton, 1974.

PEASANT POLITICS: CONFLICT AND DEVELOPMENT IN MURANGA. Geoff Lamb. Julian Friedmann Publishers, Lewes, Sussex, 1974. Paperback edition 1977.

THE ECONOMICS OF COLONIALISM: BRITAIN AND KENYA 1870–1930. Richard Wolff. Yale U.P., New Haven, 1974.

UNDERDEVELOPMENT IN KENYA: THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF NEO‐COLONIALISM. Colin Leys. Heinemann Educational Books, London, 1975.     

A New Proposed Passive Mega-Sub Controlled Structure and Response Control

It is still a serious challenge for structural engineers to effectively reduce the seismic responses of tall and super tall buildings to further improve these structural safeties. In order to solve this problem, in this article a new kind of structural configuration, named passive mega-sub controlled structure (PMSCS), is presented, which is constructed by applying the structural control principle into structural configuration itself, to form a new structure with obvious response self-control ability, instead of employing the conventional method. In the analysis of PMSCS the equations of motion of the seismically excited system are developed, based on a realistic analytical model of the complete mega-structural system. Expressions of the displacement and acceleration response of the structure, resulting from simulated earthquake ground motions represented by stationary and nonstationary random processes, are derived. These responses are then determined for both the PMSCS and its conventional mega-sub structure (MSS) counterpart, whose configuration was modeled after the traditional mega-frame that was used in the construction of the Tokyo City Hall. A parametric study of the structural characteristics that influence the response control effectiveness of the PMSCS is presented and discussed. The region over which these structural characteristics yield the optimum seismic response control of the PMSCS is identified and serves as a very useful design tool for practitioners. The study illustrates that the proposed PMSCS offers an effective means of controlling the seismic displacement and acceleration response of tall/super-tall mega-systems. It also overcomes shortcomings exhibited in earlier proposed mega-sub controlled structural configurations.     

Spatial Analysis of the Factors Contributing to the Relationship between the Transient,Meridional Eddy Sensible,and Latent Heat Flux in the Southern Hemisphere

In this paper principal component analysis (PCA) and singular value decomposition (SVD) are used to define the importance of the variables contributing to the relationship between the transient latent and sensible heat fluxes and to show their temporal and spatial variation. SVD is offered as an alternative means of isolating spatial and temporal structures in data with the advantage that it can depict simultaneous space‐time variations that are aggregates of the results produced by PCA. Both methods of analysis produced two very important uncorrelated modes of variability in January and July, indicating that the transient heat fluxes are influenced by few controlling factors. We suggest that these modes of variability represent the influences of the meridional temperature gradient, atmospheric moisture, and activity within the source and sink regions of the transient heat fluxes. The physical relationships between the heat fluxes that appear to represented by the statistical modes of variability are discussed.     

Welfare Convergence,Bureaucracy, and Moral Distancing at the Food Bank

This paper seeks to extend geographic thinking on the changing constitution of the UK welfare state, suggesting the need to supplement ideas of the “shadow state” with an analysis of the blurring of the bureaucratic practices through which welfare is now delivered by public, private and third sector providers alike. Focusing on the growing convergence of the bureaucratic practices of benefits officials and food bank organisations, we interrogate the production of moral distance that characterise both. We reveal the ideological values embedded in voucher and referral systems used by many food banks, and the ways in which these systems further stigmatise and exclude people in need of support. Contrasting these practices with those of a variety of “ethical insurgents”, we suggest that food banks are sites of both the further cementing and of challenge to the injustices of Britain's new welfare apparatus.     

Medieval Britain in 1978

Abstract

ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF a substantial assemblage of animal bones excavated from Dudley Castle, West Midlands, suggests that a significant change in pig management occurred during the 14th century. A dramatic decrease in the relative abundance of pigs, combined with an increase in the size of post-cranial bones and teeth, and a higher proportion of neonatal individuals, raises the possibility that greater control over breeding and feeding was being exerted in this period through the emergence of enclosed husbandry practices. Carbon and nitrogen stable-isotope analysis of a sample of 41 pig mandibles from two tightly dated phases of occupation supports this interpretation. Between the late 13th century and later 14th century there was a statistically significant decrease in δ¹⁵N, but not in δ¹³C, and pig dietary diversity probably also decreased. This paper discusses several explanations for these patterns, all consistent with a major change in pig management at this time.