《歙事闲谭》述评

一、<歙事闲谭>的作者 <歙事闲谭>,稿本,三十一卷,许承尧撰.原藏歙县唐模许氏旧宅中,土改后移安徽省博物馆.     

中日现代化进程中观念冲突之一斑——以李鸿章与森有礼在直隶总督府的论战为中心

141年前,李鸿章和森有礼曾就日本军舰“云扬号”入侵朝鲜江华岛事件以及学习西方、变革服制、举借外债等问题在保定展开了一场激烈的论战。本文考察了森有礼于光绪元年腊月二十八日赴直隶总督府与李鸿章举行会谈的背景,并基于1899年出版的《森先生传》中揭载的对话记录,译介、分析了这场对话的主要内容;指出,尽管李鸿章组建了一个人数众多的幕府,但由于无法破除人身依附关系,未能建立独立的智库,以致他很难听到不同的意见,学到有价值的新知。因此,李鸿章与森有礼论战时无法占据明显优势也就在所难免。     

古代斯巴达的公民大会

公民大会是古代斯巴达重要的权力机构。在不同的历史时段,公民大会所拥有的权力与地位并不完全一样。大体上,斯巴达国家建立伊始,斯巴达公民大会已经产生。但直到公元前7世纪初,它一直是贵族统治的装饰物。在这之后,公民大会在斯巴达政治生活中发挥了重要作用。它与监察官一道构成古典时期斯巴达立法机制的核心,使得斯巴达政制成为特殊的民主政治。自公元前4世纪初,斯巴达公民大会逐步失去了政治意义,至公元前3世纪,完全退出了斯巴达政治舞台。     

新见《增补儒林外史眉评》考论

笔者新近发现的清末文人童叶庚《增补儒林外史眉评》,是学界未曾注意的《儒林外史》新评本。童评为抄本,仅有评语,无正文,以齐省堂增订本《儒林外史》为底本,逐页点评了原书的前二十三回半,计有六万五千馀字。童评批语精湛,对《儒林外史》的艺术特质阐发得尤为细腻深刻;着力发掘作者的用笔相犯之妙,能从细笔中阐发作者的意蕴;关注叙事方法与叙事视角,善于从细微处体察世态人心,长于从无文字处见世情;语言风格或庄或谐,与小说风格随处匹配,更熔铸着评者强烈的个人意志。     

An Approach to the Diagnosis of Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia from the 2500‐Year‐Old Remains of a Skull from Ancient China

A human skull, buried about 2500 years ago in a Bronze Age cemetery at Jinggouzi, a site of an important ethnic group in ancient China, appeared to have characteristics of fibrous dysplasia. The CT images indicated a reduction in bone density and relatively homogeneous lesions. More features were revealed using CT reconstruction techniques. Lesions seen in low‐magnification images using a 3D deep‐field microscope had an irregular honeycomb‐like structure. At higher magnification, the trabeculae morphology and the gaps between the trabeculae were irregular and varied in size and shape. Paraffin‐embedded specimens stained with HE showed trabeculae with tortuous irregular arrangements varying in shape and width. The irregular trabeculae of woven bone has been described as having fibrous dysplasia. Molecular analysis of the GNAS gene indicated no mutation. This provides a non‐invasive approach for us to make more comprehensive diagnoses and to assist research into ancient human diseases.     

A new antiarch placoderm from the Emsian (Early Devonian) of Wuding,Yunnan, China

Pan, Z., Zhu, M., Zhu, Y. &; Jia, L., August 2017. A new antiarch placoderm from the Emsian (Early Devonian) of Wuding, Yunnan, China. Alcheringa 42, 10–21. ISSN 0311-5518.

Wufengshania magniforaminis, a new genus and species of the Euantiarcha (Placodermi: Antiarcha), is described from the late Emsian (Early Devonian) of Wuding, Yunnan, southwestern China. The referred specimens were three-dimensionally preserved in black shales, allowing a high-resolution computed tomography reconstruction of anatomical details. The new euantiarch is characterized by a large orbital fenestra, an arched exoskeletal band around the orbital fenestra and a developed obtected nuchal area of the skull roof. Maximum parsimony analysis, using a revised data-set of antiarchs with 44 taxa and 66 characters, resolves Wufengshania gen. nov. as a member of the Bothriolepididae, which is characterized by the presence of the infraorbital sensory canal diverging on the lateral plate, and the nuchal plate with orbital facets. New analysis supports a sister group relationship between Dianolepis and the Bothriolepididae. Luquanolepis, a coeval euantiarch from the neighboring site of the new form, is referred to the Asterolepidoidei and represents the basalmost and earliest member of the Asterolepidoidei.

Zhaohui Pan* [panzhaohui@ivpp.ac.cn], Min Zhu* [zhumin@ivpp.ac.cn], You’an Zhu^? [zhuyouan@ivpp.ac.cn] and Liantao Jia [jialiantao@ivpp.ac.cn] Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 643, Beijing 100044, PR China. *Also affiliated with University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China. ^?Also affiliated with Uppsala University, PO Box 256, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden.     

PLANTING TREES ON THE ROOF OF THE WORLD

正In China,legend says that animals choose different trees to inhabit.In Nagqu,situated on the northern area of the Tibet Autonomous Region,trees are nowhere to be seen,and birds often share holes underground with mice and rabbits.Nagqu means"black river"in Tibetan.The place is situated