Intermodal freight terminals: locality and industrial linkages

The areas around eight Canadian intermodal freight terminals form the focus of this study. Two basic research questions are addressed: What is the character of the zones adjacent to the terminals and what is the functional tie between industries located in these zones and the terminals themselves? There are three seaports (Halifax, Montreal and Vancouver), three airports (Dorval‐Montreal, Pearson‐Toronto and Vancouver) and two rail yards (both in the Toronto region) in the study. In total, 196 manufacturing and wholesaling firms were part of the study. Transportation land use is areally most extensive in six of the eight terminal zones. Industrial land use, while significant in area, is not the most dominant land use surrounding any of the terminals. No one socio‐economic characteristic defines the areas around the terminals. Businesses in close proximity to the terminals make rather modest use of the terminals. Less the 30 percent of the interviewed firms used the nearby terminal for their freight shipments; only 3 percent of the firms indicated that proximity to the terminal was a primary locational consideration. The relationship between industrial location and the terminals is more indirect, than direct, based on the high level of accessibility found in the terminal zones.     

Découverte d'un site prehistorique d'abattage de dugongs a Umm al-Qaiwain (Emirats Arabes Unis)

A sea-cow butchery site from the fourth and fifth millenia was discovered on Akab island in Umm al-Qaiwain (United Arab Emirates). The remains of these Sirenians are extremely numerous and mixed with fish bones, marine shells and archaeological material, namely notched net-sinking pebbles, pebbles used as hammerstones for shell crushing, a large bone awl, some flint artifacts (including a carved flake and a core), numerous discoid shell beads, and an important sample of rod-shaped shell and soapstone objects of unknown function.     

PROBLEMS OF URBAN GROWTH IN GREATER MONTREAL

RÉSUMÉ
Montréal, comme toutes les autres agglomérations métropolitaines importantes d'Amérique du Nord, a subi une intense croissance suburbaine depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale. L'expansion montréalaise s'est faite de quatre façons différentes durant les quinze dernières années.
D'abord, de 1945 à 1951, on a pu noter un rapide développement circulaire d'allure concentrique. De 1951 à 1956, l'expansion eut lieu, loin du centre, le long des principales lignes de transports, produisant ainsi un arrangement radié et nodulaire. Durant la courte période qui suivit, de 1956 à 1958, la croissance se poursuivit de façon intercalaire. Depuis 1959, ce fut la dispersion désordonnée.
Des facteurs divers expliquent ces formes différentes de développement suburbain: les caractéristiques physiques et sociales particulières à la région de Montréal, le morcellement des territoires municipaux, la disponibilité inégale des services et la tendance de l'industrie è la décentralisation sont les principaux.
Plus récemment, particulièrement en 1957-8, deux vagues de spéculation massive sur les terrains exercent sans doute le maximum d'influence sur le mode présent de croissance de Montréal.     

4. PARTISANS AND POPULATIONS: THE PLACE OF CIVILIANS IN WAR,ALGERIA (1954–62)

Carl Schmitt's influential text The Theory of the Partisan (1963) serves in this article to read the history of civilians in modern warfare, examining the case of Algeria (1954–62). Schmitt's argument that the partisan leads to a dangerous conceptual blurring in war, confusing soldier and civilian, friend and enemy, reveals important questions about the war, questions that are otherwise invisible in conventional readings of the archives. Notably it places in relief the figure of the “population,” a way that the French military conceptualized Algerian civilians and their place on the battlefield. The article argues that the population, as constituted in military theory, needs to be understood as the partisan's partner in contributing to the normlessness of violence. This offers both a new reading of the war in Algeria and the violence suffered by civilians, as well as a correction to Schmitt's politically one‐sided explanation of the problem of normlessness and modern warfare. Whereas Schmitt's revolutionary partisan is a figure of the left, the notion of the population originated among counter‐revolutionary French officers who rethought war in an effort to stop decolonization and reshape their own society along military lines. For them Algerian civilians served as a primary weapon against the National Liberation Front (FLN) by breaking up the nationalists’ claim to lead a single, undivided, and sovereign Algerian people. In effect, the notion of the population made Algerian civilians appear as potential enemies to the FLN, blurring the nationalists’ own understanding of the political configuration of the war, directly exposing civilians to its violence.