Book reviews

Richard Higgott, The Evolving World Economy: Some Alternative Security Questions for Australia. Canberra Papers on Strategy and Defence No. 51. Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Australian National University 1989. 90 pp. $10.00.

Andrew Mack and Paul Keal (eds), Security and Arms Control in the North Pacific. Sydney, Allen and Unwin Australia, 1989. xiii + 324 pp. $39.95 (cloth), $27.50 (paper).

Francis Stuart, Towards Coming of Age. A Foreign Service Odyssey. Centre for the Study of Australian‐Asian Relations, Griffith University, 1989. vi + 264 pp. $12.00.

Bruce S. Bennett, New Zealand's Moral Foreign Policy 1935–39: The Promotion of Collective Security Through the League of Nations. Wellington, New Zealand Institute of International Affairs, 1988. vii + 134 pp. $NZ21.00.

E.E. Azar and Chung‐In Moon (eds), National Security in the Third World, The Management of Internal and External Threats. Aldershot, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 1988. 308 pp. £25.00.

Robert P. Haffa Jr, Rational Methods, Prudent Choices: Planning US Forces. Washington D.C., National Defense University Press, 1988. xv + 165 pp. No price given.

William Bunge, Nuclear War Atlas. Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1989. 204 pp. $29.95.

David H. Price, Atlas of World Cultures. A Geographical Guide to Ethnographic Literature. Newbury Park, California, Sage Publications, 1989. 156 pp. $US35.00.

Richard Sakwa, Soviet Politics: An Introduction. London and New York, Routledge, 1989. xvi + 356 pp. $120.00.

Terence Thomas (ed.), The British, Their Religious Beliefs and Practices 1800–1986. London and New York, Routledge, 1988. vii + 247 pp. $82.95 (doth), $29.95 (paper).

Robert A. Scalapino, Seizaburo Sato, Jusuf Wanandi and Sung‐joo Han (eds). Asia and the Major Powers. Domestic Politics and Foreign Policy. Berkeley, Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, 1988. vi + 386 pp. $US20.00.

Robert A. Scalapino, Seizaburo Sato, Jusuf Wanandi and Sung‐joo Han (eds). Asian Security Issues. Regional and Global. Berkeley, Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, 1988. vi + 394 pp. $US20.00.

Robert A. Scalapino and Dalchoong Kim, Asian Communism, Continuity and Transition. Berkeley, Korea Research Monograph 15, Center for Korean Studies, Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, 1988. vi + 364 pp. $US20.00.

Ngok Lee, China's Defence Modernisation and Military Leadership. Canberra, Australian National University/Pergamon Press, 1989. xxi + 395 pp. No price given.

David G. Mart and Christine P. White (eds), Postwar Vietnam: Dilemmas in Socialist Developments. Ithaca, NY, Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University, 1988. 248 pp. $US12.00.

Philip Eldridge, NGOs in Indonesia: Popular Movement or Arm of Government? Working Paper 55, The Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University. 59 pp. $6.00.

Saw Swee‐Hock. The Population of Peninsular Malaysia. Singapore: Singapore University Press, 1988. xv + 342 pp. $US32.00 (doth), $US25.00 (paper).

Colin Legum, The Battlefronts of Southern Africa. New York, Africana Publishing Company, 1988. xxiv + 451 pp. No price given.

Morris H. Morley, Imperial State and Revolution: The United States and Cuba, 1952–1986. Melbourne; Cambridge University Press, 1987. ix + 571 pp. $51.00.     

A Three-State Markov Model of Choice Behavior within Spatial Structures

This paper derives a simple mathematical model of spatial learning and choice by integrating several psychological theories, whose features accord with the results of empirical investigation in a previous paper [2]. A sample of homogeneous decision-makers are assumed to make a succession of selections from a given set of initially unknown spatial alternatives (for example, a set of shopping places for a good). The decision-makers pass through two states of “recognition” and “discrimination” learning, before reaching an equilibrium state. In the equilibrium state, decision-makers have sufficiently learned the attributes of the alternatives so that satisfactory choices are always made. These assumptions permit the derivation of mathematical expressions to answer two questions: first, what proportion of decision-makers will be in the equilibrium state after any given time interval, and second, what proportion of decision-makers will choose any designated spatial alternative after the same time interval. In the second case, the proportion of decision-makers choosing an alternative is predicted from the individuals' perceptions of the attributes of the alternatives. The paper concludes with an evaluation of the model and suggestions for its testing and further development.     

Book reviews

Glen St J. Barclay, Friends in High Places. Australian‐American Diplomatic Relations Since 1945. Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1985, pp 245, $25.00.

Leonie Foster, High Hopes: The Men and Motives of the Australian Round Table. Melbourne University Press in association with the Australian Institute of International Affairs, Melbourne, 1986, pp.xviii+294. $25.00.

Ritchie Ovendale, The English‐Speaking Alliance: Britain, the United States, the Dominions and the Cold War, 1945–51. George Allen and Unwin, London, 1985, ppxt309. $60.00.

Australian Institute of Urban Affairs, Review of Australian Assistance to the Indonesian Water Supply and Sanitation Sector. A report for the Australian Development Assistance Bureau, January 1986. pp.xxxiii + 305. $ 16.00.

Malcolm Templeton, Defence and Security: What New Zealand Needs. Institute of Policy Studies, Victoria University, Wellington, 1986, pp.62. $NZ11.00.

Philip Eldridge, Dean Forbes and Doug Porter, Australian Overseas Aid: Future Directions. Croom Helm, Sydney, 1986, pp. 284. £16.95.

Christopher Clapham, Third World Politics. An Introduction. Croom Helm, London and Sydney, 1985, pp.197. $39.95 (cloth), $17.50 (paper).

William Tordoff, Government and Politics in Africa, Macmillan, London, 1984, pp.xix+352. £7.95.

Richard Hodder‐Williams. An Introduction to the Politics of Tropical Africa. George Allen and Unwin, London, Boston and Sydney, 1984. $45.00 (cloth), $ 17.95 (paper).

D. K. Fieldhouse, Black Africa 1945–1980: Economic Decolonization and Arrested Development. Allen and Unwin, London, 1986, pp.xix & 260. $32.50.

Neil Kinnock, Making Our Way. Investing in Britain's Future. Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1986, pp.viii + 200. $13.95.

Andrew J. Taylor, The Trade Unions and the Labour Party. Croom Helm, London, 1987, pp. 320. £27.50.

Alistair I. Johnston, China and Arms Control: Emerging Issues and Interest in the 1980s. The Canadian Centre for Arms Control and Disarmament, Ottawa, 1986, pp.85. $US12.00.

Tim Huxley, Asean and Indochina. A Study of Political Responses. 1975–1981. Canberra Studies in World Affairs No. 19. Department of International Relations, the Australian National University, 1985, pp. 116. $10.00.

Lim Chong‐Yah and Peter J. Lloyd (eds), Singapore: Resources and Growth. Oxford University Press, Singapore, 1986, pp 279 + xiv. $20.00.

R. J. May (ed.), Between Two Nations. The Indonesia — Papua New Guinea Border and West Papua Nationalism. Robert Brown and Associates, Bathurst, 1986, pp. 260. $13.95.

Shamsul A. B., From British to Bumiputera Rule — Local Politics and Rural Development in Peninsular Malaysia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 1986, pp. xxi + 282. $US28.00 (cloth), $US18.00 (paper).

Bernard Swan, Peace and Conflict in a Poor Country: Sri Lanka, AIIA Occasional Paper No. 3, The Australian Institute of International Affairs, Canberra, 1986, pp.62 $3.50.

James Manor (ed.) Sri Lanka in Change and Crisis. Croom Helm, London & Sydney, 1984, pp.229 $16.95.

Orlando Fals Borda (ed.), The Challenge of Social Change. Sage Publications, London, 1985, pp.134. £15.95.

National Commission on Disappeared People, Nunca Mas/Never Again, English Translation by Writers and Scholars International Ltd. Faber and Faber, London, 1986, pp.xvi + 463. $24.95.

G. McCormack and Y. Sugimoto (eds.), Democracy in Contemporary Japan. Hale and Iremonger, Sydney, 1986, pp.272. $29.95 (cloth), $14.95 (paper).

Rokuro Hidaka, The Price of Affluence. Dilemma of Contemporary Japan. Penguin Books, Ringwood, 1985, pp.196. $7.95.

Hans H. Baerwald, Party Politics in Japan. Allen and Unwin, London, 1986, pp. xiv+204. $24.50.

Peter Calvert, The Foreign Policy of New States. Wheatsheaf Books, Brighton, 1986, pp. viii + 216. $27.95.

Mohammed Ayoob (ed.), Regional Security in the Third World: Case Studies from Southeast Asia and the Middle East. Croom Helm, London and Sydney, 1986, pp. 284. $49.95.

R.J. Vincent (ed.), Foreign Policy and Human Rights — Issues and Responses. Cambridge University Press, in association with The Royal Institute of International Affairs, Cambridge, 1986, pp.283. $84.00.

R.J. Vincent, Human Rights and International Relations. Cambridge University Press, in association with The Royal Institute of International Affairs, Cambridge 1986, pp 186. No price given.

Gerard Chaliand and Jean‐Pierre Rageau, Strategic Atlas: World Geopolitics. Penguin Books, Hammondsworth, 1986, pp. 224. $16.95.

John H. Makin, The Global Debt Crisis: America's Growing Involvement, Basic Books, New York, 1984, pp. 281. $34.95.

Bruce R. Scott and George C. Lodge (eds), U.S. Competitiveness in the World Economy. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Mass, 1985, pp.x+543. $40.95.

Desmond Ball, A Base for Debate. The US Satellite Station at Nurrungar. Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1987, pp. 122. $9.95.

E. M. Andrews, The Writing on the Wall: The British Commonwealth and Aggression in the East 1931–1935. Allen and Unwin, Sydney, 1987, pp. KV+228. $29.95.

Lawrence T. Farley, Plebiscites and Sovereignty: The Crisis of Political Legitimacy. Westview Press, Boulder, and Maunsell Publishing, London, 1986, pp. xiv+179. £16.95.

Edwin E. Moise, Modern China: A History. Longmans, New York, 1986, pp.xvi+256. $22.95.

Mark Mancall, China at the Center: 300 Years of Foreign Policy. The Free Press, New York, 1984, pp. xvii+540. $59.95.

Penny Kane, The Second Billion: Population and Family Planning in China. Penguin Books Australia, Ringwood, 1987, pp. 264. $14.95.

Germain A. Hoston, Marxism and the Crisis of Development in Prewar Japan. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1987, pp. xviii+401. $US40.00 (cloth), $US15.00 (paper).

William S. Turley, The Second Indochina War: A Short Political and Military History, 1954–1975. Westview Press, Boulder, and Gower, London, 1986, pp. xvii, 238. $US35.00.     

The city as a set of problems: A non‐synthesizing approach to understanding urban places

Neil C. Kalt and Sheldon S. Zalkind. Urban Problems: Psychological Inquiries. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976. v + 543 pp. Author index, subject index. $13.00 cloth, $8.00 paper.     

UNDERSTANDING THE UNIQUE IMPACTS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH VARIABLES*

ABSTRACT The paper uses a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model for a small city to examine how expansions in export and local sectors, changes in total factor productivity (TFP), and growth in population impact an economy. We examine the effects of each source of growth and find that the level and distribution of economic activity vary considerably. We also evaluate each source of growth in the context of a variety of policy metrics, which provide guidelines to policy makers, including the types of firms to be recruited in specific regions.     

Identification of tarsal coalition and frequency estimates from skeletal samples

Tarsal coalition is a congenital defect that results when adjacent tarsals fail to separate properly during embryonic development. Anatomically, coalitions present as non‐osseous bridges of cartilage or fibrocartilage – and occasionally as osseous bridges – between two neighboring bones. In skeletons, non‐osseous tarsal coalitions are recognizable as matching lesions between two bones at predictable locations. These coalitions are of interest because they are known to be heritable and are therefore useful for tracing genetic relatives in archaeological cemeteries, because they can be misinterpreted in skeletons as trauma or joint disease, and because they can result in associated pathology. However, despite a considerable literature on tarsal coalition, estimates of coalition frequencies disagree considerably, perhaps due to biases inherent in clinical sampling. In order to gain a better estimate of tarsal coalition frequencies in human populations, data were gathered on 342 European‐Americans from the Terry Collection (Smithsonian Institution), 536 South Africans from the Dart Collection (University of Witwatersrand, South Africa), and 756 medieval Danish skeletons (Anthropological Database, Odense University). The Danish skeletons are archaeological, with sample sizes by coalition type ranging from 366–507 individuals. Examples of eight different types of intertarsal coalition were identified among the 1634 skeletons examined. Overall frequency estimates for tarsal coalition ranged from 2.1%–3.5%. South Africans exhibited significantly higher frequencies in the midfoot, with naviculocuneiform I coalition (1.0%) the most common type. Conversely, no coalitions of the midfoot were found among the Euro‐Americans or medieval Danes. Instead, these groups exhibited calcaneonavicular coalition as the most common type in the hindfoot (2.0% and 2.1% respectively), while calcaneonavicular coalition was among the least common in the South Africans (0.2%). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Book reviews

Atif A. Kubursi. Oil, Industrialization and ‘Development in the Arab Gulf States. London: Croom Helm, 1984. 144 pp. No price given.

Giacomo Luciani. The Oil Companies and the Arab World. London: Croom Helm, 1984. 197 pp. $31.95.

Freda Hawkins. Critical Years in Immigration: Canada and Australia Compared. Kingston and Montreal: McGill‐Queen's University Press, 1989. xx + 368 pp. $Can 35.00.

Keith Suter. Is There Life After ANZUS? Sydney: Pluto Press, 1987. v + 91 pp. $9.95. Peter Jennings. The Armed Forces of New Zealand and the ANZUS Split: Cost and Consequences. New Zealand Institute of International Affairs, Occasional Paper No. 4, 1988. xi + 108 pp. $12.00.

Alan Powell. The Shadow's Edge: Australia's Northern War. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1988. 346 pp. $24.95.

John Kenneth Galbraith. A History of Economics: The Past as the Present. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1987. xi + 324 pp. $39.95.

John Turner (ed.) Britain and the First World War. Unwin Hyman, 1988. No price given.

Neil Elder, Alastair H. Thomas and David Arter. The Consensual Democracies? The Government and Politics of the Scandinavian States. Revised edition. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988. xii + 248 pp. $34.95.

Seong‐Kyu Ha (ed.) Housing Policy and Practice in Asia. London: Croom Helm, 1987. 197 pp. $87.95.

J.D. Conroy. Shelter for the Homeless — Asian Pacific Needs and Australian Responses. Canberra: Australian Council for Overseas Aid, 1987. vi + 141 pp. $5.95.

Diane K. Mauzy (ed.) Politics in the ASEAN States. Kuala Lumpur: Maricans, no date. 343 pp. No price given.

Richard Robison, Kevin Hewison & Richard Higgott (eds.) Southeast Asia in the 1980s: Tie Politics of Economic Crisis. Sydney, London, Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1987. viii + 244 pp. No price given.

Noordin Sopiee, Chew Lay See, Lim Siang Jin (eds.) ASEAN at the Crossroads: Obstacles, Options and Opportunities in Economic Co‐operation. Kuala Lumpur: Institute of Strategic and International Studies Malaysia, 1988. viii + 577 pp. No price given.

Desmond Ball (ed.) US Bases in the Philippines: Issues and Implications. Canberra: Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Australian National University, 1988. 90 pp. $10.00.

Niall O'Brien. Revolution from the Heart. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. x + 310 pp. $AUS48.00.

Wilfred Fabros. The Church and its Social Involvement in the Philippines, 1930–1972. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1988. 202 pp. $US8.00 P/Back, $US11.00 Cloth.

Cecil B. Currey. Edward Lansdale: The Unquiet American. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1988. xviii + 430pp. $US24.95.

Ansil Ramsay and Wiwat Mungkandi (eds.) Thailand‐US Relations: Changing Political, Strategic, and Economic Factors. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, 1988. vi + 335 pp. $US20.00.

R. Cribb. The Politics of Environmental Protection in Indonesia. Working Paper No. 48, Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University, 1988. 36 pp. $5.00

George Monbiot. Poisoned Arrows. An Investigative Journey through Indonesia. London: Michael Joseph, 1989, 249 pp. $35.00.

Toshio Toyoda (ed.) Vocational Education in the Industrialization of Japan. Tokyo: The United Nations University. Production by University of Tokyo Press, 1987. xii + 267 pp. No price given.

Noor A. Husain and Leo E. Rose (eds.) Pakistan‐US Relations: Social, Political and Economic Factors. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, 1988. viii + 326 pp. $US20.00.

V.D. Chopra (ed.) Afghanistan: Geneva Accord and After. New Delhi: Patriot Publishers, 1988. 253 pp. Rs30.

C.D. Throsby (ed.) Human Resources Development in the Pacific. Canberra: National Centre for Development Studies, 1987. x + 248 pp. No price given.