Superstition in Estonian Folklore: From Official Category to Vernacular Concept [1]

Superstition (ebausk), which was introduced into Estonia as an official religious category, has become a vernacular concept that is widely used nowadays to discuss and interpret supernatural beliefs and magical practices. The present article examines the history of the concept, its current usage, and dominant attitudes towards superstitions in Estonia.     

L’impossible Incarnation D’une Monarchie Une Crise de la Régence du Dernier Habsbourg d’Espagne (1668–1669)

Through the crisis of the regency of the last Habsburg, which triggered a “conflict of legitimation”, this article analyses the notion of legitimacy from the viewpoint of the action and from the viewpoint of the ideas that underlie the action. Our investigation shows the interactionist nature of the practices of legitimation and emphasises the limit of an explanation based on rhetoric. In a conflict that cannot be equated to the mere physics of confrontations, the key question is that of the incarnation of the sociopolitical body.     

The Consolidation of the Suzerain-vassal Relationship between Tibet and Bhutan

Pho-lha-nas quelled the civil strife in Bhutan in 1730,and in 1734,and both sides of the conflict respectively dispatched envoys to Beijing to ask the Qing Court to confer honorific titles,which resulted in the final establishment of the Suzerain-vassal relationship between Tibet and Bhutan in the Qing Dynasty.However,the establishment of the political subordination relations did not necessarily eliminate the estrangement caused by the confrontations between Tibet and Bhutan in the past over 100 years.