The Ereğli E Shipwreck,Turkey: an early Hellenistic merchant ship in the Black Sea

A shipwreck from the early 3rd century BC was discovered in the Black Sea's suboxic depths off Ere?li, Turkey, during the 2011 E/V Nautilus expedition. Remote investigation revealed the trawl‐damaged remains of a merchant ship carrying multiple amphora types associated with Aegean and Pontic production areas. Also discovered were elements of the ship's hull that show evidence of both pegged mortise‐and‐tenon and laced construction. The wreck provides crucial archaeological evidence for both maritime connectivity and ship‐construction methods during a period of political and economic transition.     

Collaborative Networks for Effective Ecosystem‐Based Management: A Set of Working Hypotheses

Ecosystem‐based management (EBM) represents a comprehensive approach to better govern the environment that also illustrates the collaborative trend in policy and public administration. The need for stakeholder involvement and collaboration is strongly articulated, yet how and for what purposes collaboration would be effective remains largely untested. We address this gap by developing and evaluating a set of hypotheses specifying how certain patterns of collaborations among actors affect their joint ability to accomplish EBM. Content analyses of management plans drawn from five EBM planning processes in Sweden are combined with analyses of the collaborative networks through which these plans have been developed. Our results indicate that system thinking and the ability to integrate across different management phases are favored by collaborations between different kinds of actors, and by project leaders being centrally located in the networks. We also find that dense substructures of collaboration increase the level of specificity in the plans in regards to explicating constraints on human activities. Having many collaborative ties does however not enhance the overall level of specificity. Our results also show that different network characteristics can give rise to similar EBM outcomes. This observed equifinality suggests there is no single blueprint for well‐performing collaborative networks.     

The Power of International Positioning: The National Woman's Party,International Law and Diplomacy, 1928–34

Between 1928 and 1934, Doris Stevens and Alice Paul of the National Woman's Party (NWP) embarked on a strategy to use international law to gain domestic rights for women in the United States. They sought to pass the equivalent of the 1923 Equal Rights Amendment by treaty at international conferences in Europe and the Americas. The pre‐eminence of the United States in the Americas granted them diplomatic access through the Inter‐American Commission of Women (IACW) that, paradoxically, strengthened the NWP's position when the US administration opposed its proposed reforms. When the US signed the Nationality Rights Treaty in Montevideo, Uruguay in 1934, the NWP won a significant nationality reform, namely the right of US women to transmit citizenship to children born abroad. In exchange for its support, the Roosevelt administration required them to shelve their proposed Equal Rights Treaty. The article also demonstrates a nascent presence of American women in unofficial diplomatic circles. In this, as in other stories, women's history has taught us to search for the influence of women that institutional histories miss.     

Débats autour de l'école

Altschull, E., Le Voile contre l'école (Seuil, 1995), 278 pp., 110F., ISBN 2 02 022748 7 Soubré, L, l‘Ecole sous pressions (Stock, 1995) 241 pp., 110F, ISBN 2 234 04508 8.     

Palaeolimnological impacts of early prehistoric farming at Lough Dargan,County Sligo,Ireland

This study provides a unique method of inquiry for archaeological investigation with an aim to assess the intensity and effects of Neolithic and Bronze Age farming practices at Lough Dargan, northwest Ireland, through a multi-proxy analysis of a lake sediment core. Chironomid (non-biting midge fly) subfossils and lake sediment geochemistry (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N and C:N ratios) were used to assess changes in limnological conditions through time. The limnological data were compared with macroscopic charcoal concentration and pollen data to examine the potential influence that early farmers had on a freshwater lake system within a prehistorically active catchment. Results from the chironomid analysis show that the first substantial period of agricultural activity in the early Neolithic (c. 3730–3190 BC) resulted in a temporary shift to more eutrophic lake conditions. There is evidence of animal husbandry with substantial levels of animal waste reaching the lake, leaving an imprint in the geochemical record of increased δ¹⁵N values and decreased δ¹³C values and C:N ratios during this time. The chironomid community reverted back to its pre-impacted state c. 3190 BC in response to a period of reduced farming (c. 3390–3000 BC) which eventually led to a distinct lull in activity, with possible cessation of farming from 3000 to 2700 BC. A return to eutrophic conditions coincided with the gradual return of agriculture, with more permanently altered lake conditions dominating from 2400 BC, even during a 250-year period of reduced human activity commencing at c. 1440 BC. Increased sedimentation rate, along with increases in δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N and C:N, the presence of chironomid taxa indicative of erosion, more eutrophic lake conditions and high concentrations of macroscopic charcoal all point to more intensive land use practices during the Bronze Age. Palaeolimnological data exhibited an immediate response to intensified farming during this time, and were especially responsive to pastoral farming due either to scale of activity or proximity to the lakeside. The success of this study demonstrates the effectiveness of palaeolimnological analysis in the investigation of prehistoric farming. This approach will help inform Neolithic and Bronze Age land-use practice and human–environment relations in the region, and highlights the potential for chironomid-based archaeological research.     

Mortars in context: An integrated study of mortars and plasters from the so-called Ginnasio in Solunto (Sicily,Italy)

This paper presents a multipronged scientific study of mortars and plasters of the so-called Ginnasio in the Hellenistic–Roman city of Solunto (Sicily, Italy). A selection of 16 well-contextualized samples was collected to represent different functions and building phases of this private house. The results show that a variety of locally available raw materials was used as aggregates and to produce binders. The diversity of raw materials’ sources and production techniques identified in this study reveals the advanced technological knowledge of the builders of Solunto, indicating a complex relationship between the settlement's cityscape and its surrounding landscape.     

Book reviews

CHINA

SUSAN BROWNELL and JEFFREY N. WASSERSTROM (eds). Chinese Femininities/ Chinese Masculinities: a Reader. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. 460 pp. US$24.95, paper.

LEO T. S. CHING. Becoming “Japanese”: colonial Taiwan and the Politics of Identity Formation. Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press, 2001. xii, 251 pp. Introduction, notes, bibliography, index. US$18.95, paper.

PAMELA KYLE CROSSLEY. A Translucent Mirror: History and Identity in Qing Imperial Ideology. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. xiv, 361 pp. US$45.00, hardcover.

STEPHANIE HEMELRYK DONALD, MICHAEL KEANE and YIN HONG (eds). Media in China: consumption, Content and Crisis. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2002. 240 pp. Tables, figures, notes on contributors, bibliography, index. £55.00, hardcover.

EDMUND S. K. FUNG. In Search of Chinese Democracy: civil Opposition in Nationalist China, 1929–1949. Cambridge, New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 352 pp. A$125.00, hardcover.

FEI FEI LI, ROBERT SABELLA and DAVID LIU (eds). Nanking 1937 : memory and Healing. New York: M. E. Sharpe, 2002. Foreword by Perry Link, index. 278 pp. US$23.95, paper.

DAVID SHAMBAUGH (ed). Is China Unstable? Assessing the Factors. Armonk and London: M. E. Sharpe, 2000. £35.37, hardcover; £18.95, paper.

YANG LIAN. Yi. Translated from the Chinese by Mabel Lee. Copenhagen, Los Angeles: Green Integer, 2002. 361 pp. US$14.95, paper.

YANG LIAN. Notes of a Blissful Ghost. Translated from the Chinese by Brian Holton. Shatin, Hong Kong: Renditions Paperbacks, 2002. 160 pp. US$14.95, paper.

XUEPING ZHONG, WANG ZHEN and BAI DI (eds). Some of Us: Chinese Women Growing Up in the Mao Era. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2001. 208 pp. US$58.00, hardcover; US$22.00, paper.

JAPAN AND KOREA

NOREEN JONES. Number 2 Home: story of Japanese Pioneers in Australia. Fremantle: Fremantle Arts Centre Press, 2002. 224 pp. A$24.95, paper.

MARK McLELLAND. Male Homosexuality in Modern Japan: cultural Myths and Social Realities. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 2000. 268 pp. £17.99, paper.

LINDA S. LEWIS. Laying Claim to the Memory of May: a Look Back at the 1980 Kwangju Uprising. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2002. US$19.95, paper.

HENRY SCOTT‐STOKES and LEE JAI‐EUI (eds). The Kwangju Uprising: eyewitness Press Accounts of Korea's Tiananmen. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 2000. US$37.50, hardcover; US$18.95, paper.

SOUTHEAST ASIA

MARC ASKEW. Bangkok: place, Practice and Representation. London and New York: Routledge, 2002. US$90.00, hardcover; US$26.95, paper.

ANTHONY MILNER. The Invention of Politics in Colonial Malaya. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. viii, 328 pp. Map, index and select bibliography. A$49.95, paper.

SHIGEHARU TANABE and CHARLES F. KEYES (eds). Cultural Crisis and Social Memory: modernity and Identity in Thailand and Laos. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2002. xii, 312 pp. Index. £55.00, hardcover.

C. J. W‐L. WEE (ed). Local Cultures and the “New Asia”: the State, Culture and Capitalism in Southeast Asia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS), 2002. x, 245 pp. US$ 49.90/S$ 73.90, hardcover; US$ 25.90/S$ 39.90, paper.

GENERAL ASIA

TANI BARLOW (ed). New Asian Marxisms. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2002. 422 pp. US$27.95, paper; US$79.95, hardcover.

T. FUJITANI, GEOFFREY M. WHITE and LISA YONEYAMA (eds). Perilous Memories: the Asia‐Pacific War(s). Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2001. 462 pp. US$59.95, hardcover; US$19.95, paper.

MARGARET JOLLY and KALPANA RAM (eds). Borders of Being: citizenship, Fertility and Sexuality in Asia and the Pacific. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2001. 326 pp. US$59.50, cloth; US$24.95, paper.

RAJINI SRIKANTH and ESTHER Y. IWANAGA (eds). Bold Words: a Century of Asian‐American Writing. New Brunswick, New Jersey and London: Rutgers University Press, 2001. 442 pp. US$59.00, hardcover; US$25.00, paper.

OUYANG YU. Two Hearts, Two Tongues, and Rain‐Coloured Eyes. Broadway, NSW: Wild Peony Press, 2002. 119 pp. No price given, paper.

ZIJIE PAN. Vostok/This Could Have Happened to You. Broadway, NSW: Wild Peony Press, 2002. 94 pp. No price given, paper.