Social Democracy as a Way of Life: Fellowship and the Socialist Union, 1951-9

This articles considers the political cultural of the SocialistUnion (1951–9), and influential ethical socialist groupin the 1950s' Labour Party. Specifically, it discusses its uniqueintellectual influences and the legacy of its (somewhat different)previous manifestation as the Socialist Vanguard Group (1929–50).Emphasis is placed on the importance of the notion of fellowshipto the politics of this tradition and how this shaped a distinctpolitical and moral identity. Whilst it has been largely overlookedby historians, the Union had a considerable impact on Britishsocialism in the 1950s, through its journal, Socialist Commentary,and through leading members like Allan Flanders and Rita Hinden. ^* Special thanks are due to those former Unionists who sharedtheir experiences with me: Jay Blumler, Annemarie Flanders,and especially, Rene Saran. Thanks also to Peter Alexander,Nina Fishman, John Kelly, Peter Mandler, Mark Minion, Nick Tiratsoo,Hugh Wilford, and Leo Zeilig who read previous drafts of thispiece and to those participants in seminars at the Instituteof Historical Research who have commented on it. I am gratefulto George Bain for allowing me access to his papers at Warwick.     

Cold War Geography

Neil Smith . American Empire: Roosevelt's Geographer and the Prelude to Globalization . Berkeley, CA : University of California Press , 2003 . xxvii+557 pp. $ (hardcover), $ (paper).     

THE DATING OF RELIEF-PATTERNED FLUE-TILES

The use of relief-patterned flue-tiles in Roman Britain falls into three main periods: c. 75–90, c. 120–25, and c. 155–75. The assignment of particular dies to each of these periods is examined. The nature of the industry and the specialised functions of particular types of tiles are discussed within the chronological framework. An appendix deals with the sequence of tiletypes used at Fishbourne and a chronological difficulty involving Fishbourne and the Chichester thermae.     

The Ontogenetic Development of the Cervical Rib

This paper describes a case of cervical rib that was observed in a skeleton from the St Bride's documented skeletal collection. The ontogenetic development of this phenomenon is discussed with reference to potential clinical symptoms including cyanosis, paraesthesia, muscular atrophy and even digital gangrene. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Late-Medieval Horse Remains at Cēsis Castle,Latvia, and the Teutonic Order’s Equestrian Resources in Livonia

EXCAVATIONS AT the castle complex of Cēsis, Latvia, uncovered an unusual find of large quantities of horse bones, some of which were partially articulated, along with equestrian equipment. These were associated with a destroyed building at the edge of the southern outer bailey. The horses included large males, most probably stallions, and pathology on several of the recovered vertebrae suggests these individuals had been used for riding. The size of the horses was within the range for medieval war horses, and the associated tack also pointed to prestigious riding animals. Radiocarbon dating of the bones placed them firmly within the Teutonic Order's period of rule. We conclude here that these horses fulfilled a military role in the final decades of the Teutonic Order’s rule in Livonia in the late 15th/early 16th century and that the better-known equestrian culture of late-medieval Prussia was comparable in character, if not in scale, to that in Livonia.     

HYPOCAUST HEATING IN DOMESTIC ROOMS IN ROMAN BRITAIN

The development of hypocausts heating domestic rooms is traced from the late first to the later third century. A category of hypocausta sited adjacent to major rooms and heating them indirectly is referred to in letters of the Younger Pliny and is identified in Romano-British house plans of the first and second century. The function of domestic rooms with hypocausts and of other rooms in a limited number of houses is discussed.     

THE ROMAN VILLA AT BIGNOR IN THE FOURTH CENTURY

Summary. The plan of the Bignor villa is reassessed in the light of recent excavations by Frere. Changes of plan are recognized and discussed. The farm buildings are considered in detail modifying Applebaum's original interpretations.