Prostitutes,Magdalenes and Wayward Girls: Dangerous Sexualities of Working Class Women in Victorian Scotland

Let anyone walk certain streets of London, Glasgow or Edinburgh, of a night, and without troubling his head with statistics, his eyes and ears will tell him at once what a multitudinous amazonian army the devil keeps in constant field service, for advancing his own ends. The very stones seem alive with lust, and the very atmosphere is tainted.¹     

6. THE ARCHETYPE OF HISTORY IN THE CONFUCIAN ECUMENE

Cultures are constituted by binary oppositions: the absolute and the relative; the perfect and the imperfect; the stable and the unstable. Many of the world's cultures have looked to revealed religion to discover the absolute: that which transcends the human, the intellect, and space and time. by positing a God who is omniscient and omnipotent, they conceive of an eternal and absolute that continues to exist in an immutable state. In such cultures new perspectives for reinterpreting the past are continually propounded. This allows history to be rewritten and re‐rewritten. history simply becomes a method for becoming conscious of the past. By contrast, many east Asian cultures have not developed such a concept of revealed religion. For them, history itself constitutes an absolute, something on which one can rely. History in East Asia is endowed with a normative function, a source of authority that does not permit easy rewriting.     

SEISMIC AMPLIFICATION AT A SOFT SOIL SITE WITH LIQUEFIABLE LAYER

It is well known that local soil conditions play a key role in the amplification of earthquake waves. In particular, a liquefiable shallow soil layer may produce a significant influence on ground motion during strong earthquakes. In this paper, the response of a liquefiable site during the 1995 Kobe earthquake is studied using vertical array records, with particular attention on the effects of nonlinear soil behaviour and liquefaction on the ground motion. Variations of the characteristics of the recorded ground motions are analysed using the spectral ratio technique, and the nonlinearity occurring in the shallow liquefied layer during earthquake is identified. A fully coupled, inelastic finite element analysis of the response of the array site is performed. The calculated stress-strain histories of soils and excess pore water pressures at different depths are presented, and their relations to the characteristics of the ground motions are addressed.