Micro-CT-assisted determination of the shattering and non-shattering phenotypes of charred rice spikelet bases from archaeological sites: a new methodological approach

The selection of a non-shattering phenotype is a pivotal change in the process of rice domestication. However, current research is heavily restricted by the preservation conditions of macro-plant remains in early and middle Neolithic sites, as very limited well-preserved rice spikelet bases could be retrieved. We present a non-destructive method based on micro-computed tomographic (CT) scanning, which could provide detailed visualization of the internal structures of charred spikelet bases and efficiently discriminate the shattering and non-shattering phenotypes of rice spikelet bases according to the abundance of fusiform echinate phytoliths. It could be widely applied in different contexts, especially those poorly preserved specimens and tempers in pottery sherds, greatly improving our knowledge of rice domestication.     

399年宝贤写卷即东晋昙无兰抄略《千佛名号》考——兼论5世纪前的古法唱导与佛名抄略本的关系

本文首次公布安徽博物院藏399年宝贤写卷的完整录文,并通过对比宝贤写卷与昙无兰《〈千佛名号〉序》中的记载,证明其真实身份很可能就是东晋昙无兰抄略自《贤劫经》的《千佛名号》(或称《贤劫千佛名经》)残卷,而该文献此前久已失佚。文中进一步推测,作为现存最早的抄略类佛名文本,写卷(即《千佛名号》)制作最初可能是基于唱导古法(即5世纪之前的唱导作法)的仪式实践需求——古法唱导中的两个主要仪式程序,可能分别催生了佛名和因缘譬喻故事两类抄略本,二者在古法唱导仪式中可能存在伴生关系。同时,这件写卷不仅为研究古法唱导提供了首件实物例证,也有助于理解5世纪前中国佛教八关斋日的仪式活动实践。     

作为交往方式的七夕乞巧——广州市珠村乞巧节俗调查报告

在广州天河区的珠村一带的诸村落,乞巧节中“摆七娘”和“睇七娘”的传统源远流长。传统中的七夕乞巧为村落及宗族间姓氏的流动建构了媒介和文化空间,而它在现代的变迁实际上打破了区域社会内部的交往,使其通过文化展演的形式唤起群众的地方感,同时带有一种对商业回报的诉求。笔者于2007、2008年先后三次对珠村进行田野调查,较为全面地记录了传统与现代乞巧节的情况,并通过对这些田野资料进行初步分析,观照七夕乞巧活动中联村仪式的特性,以及其现代形态中新的文化内涵。     

Relationship Between Green Areas and Urban Conservation in Historical Areas and Its Reflections: Case of Diyarbakir City,Turkey

City planning is essential for providing physical environment for better community life and for providing green areas, while conserving historical heritage is an important achievement in city planning, particularly for historical cities such as Diyarbakir city. The focus of this paper is to outline how increasing the ratio of green area in the city centre of Diyarbakir, Turkey, with a land-use betterment model exemplified sustainable urbanism. We observed an applied urban design project that included both opening up free space to the public and increasing the amount of available green area. The project addressed an area adjacent to the Diyarbakir city walls, which are important not only for their history but also as reflections of the urbanization process of Diyarbak?r from prehistoric time to the twenty-first century. We have noticed that changes in the design area provided understanding of the city planning by public and supplied more green areas for children and women. Thus, the city became more desirable and more sustainable.     

考古发现所见两汉琥珀印探述

琥珀制品在两汉时期风靡一时,琥珀印在琥珀制品中颇具特色。本文在对中国境内考古发现所见两汉琥珀印资料收集与整理的基础上,对其出土地域、自身特征、出土位置及伴出物品等问题进行了探讨。研究表明出土琥珀印的墓葬等级较高,且出土位置特殊,并伴随有水晶、玛瑙、海蓝宝等贵重宝石。这些宝石的产地可能源自南亚或东南亚地区,而这类随葬品在两汉墓葬中的流行亦体现了当时物质交流的成果。     

西方城市居住行为研究进展及其对中国的启示

改革开放40年以来,住房市场化转型使中国拥有了一个相对独特的住房制度环境,对城市空间结构、居民居住状况和民生福祉等各方面都产生了深远影响。中央政府明确强调需加快研究建立符合国情、适应市场规律的房地产基础性制度和长效机制,而这需要对城市居民微观居住行为进行深入研究。居住行为作为城市地理学的重要议题,近年来,相关研究虽不断涌现,但尚缺乏系统的理论梳理和实证研究总结。本文利用知识图谱可视化刻画了居住行为研究热点的演化,从居住迁移、住房产权获得、住房生涯三方面对西方相关研究进展和前沿进行评述,并进一步梳理了居住行为与城市空间的关系,以深化对城市居住空间分异机制的理解;在总结中西方差异的基础上,对中国现有实证研究进行了回顾;立足于中国国情和现有住房政策,分别从理论、内容、数据和方法三个方面对未来中国居住行为研究方向进行展望,旨在引起学术界对居住行为的关注,为推动中国居住行为研究理论构建、理解社会空间重构机制提供参考。     

西汉早期出土金缕和丝缕玉衣部分玉料材质及其加工工艺特征管窥

广州西汉南越王墓和徐州狮子山汉墓是我国汉代最重要和出土玉器数量最多的两个王侯级墓地,两墓出土的丝缕和金缕玉衣是当时南方和中原汉王朝最重要的墓葬玉器之一。通过上手观察、显微镜拍照并利用环境扫描电镜和漫反射红外光谱、拉曼光谱技术对广州南越王墓及徐州狮子山汉墓出土玉衣部分玉片的质材和加工工艺进行了观察测试和对比分析。结果显示,两地玉衣的玉料均主要为透闪石质,从现存玉衣颜色及玉质结构上看,徐州狮子山汉墓出土玉衣玉料来源单一且玉质明显好于南越王墓,南越王墓玉料具有多来源的特征,玉衣中的“假玉”可能来自粤西。从南越王墓玉衣片部分切割痕迹判断,南越王墓所使用的切割工具可能接近当时的最高水平,也可能存在中原交换来源的玉材,无法排除南越王墓玉衣全部或部分在当地制作的可能;南越王墓和徐州狮子山汉墓出土玉衣加工工艺特征明显不同,显示两地玉衣系由不同 “玉作”体系加工完成,汉代可能存在多个不同的玉作体系,工艺水平参差不齐。     

鸠摩罗什失传《贤劫经》译本的新发现——比定自日本书道博物馆和中国国家图书馆藏吐鲁番写经

《贤劫经》是鸠摩罗什不见传于世的三部译作之一,该经的传世本为竺法护所译,而鸠摩罗什译本早在6世纪便已亡佚。本文通过藏汉平行文本、语言等内外部证据,从日本书道博物馆和中国国家图书馆收藏的吐鲁番早期写经中比定出两件残片,推定其应该正是早已佚失的鸠摩罗什本《贤劫经》的珍贵遗存。这两件残片也是鸠摩罗什译经研究史上迄今为止仅有的一次佚作重新发现,为研究五世纪佛教史和翻译史提供了重要的资料。     

Effects of Vaccination and the Spatio-Temporal Diffusion of Covid-19 Incidence in Turkey

This study assesses the spatio-temporal impact of vaccination efforts on Covid-19 incidence growth in Turkey. Incorporating geographical features of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, we adopt a spatial Susceptible–Infected–Recovered (SIR) model that serves as a guide of our empirical specification. Using provincial weekly panel data, we estimate a dynamic spatial autoregressive (SAR) model to elucidate the short- and the long-run impact of vaccination on Covid-19 incidence growth after controlling for temporal and spatio-temporal diffusion, testing capacity, social distancing behavior and unobserved space-varying confounders. Results show that vaccination growth reduces Covid-19 incidence growth rate directly and indirectly by creating a positive externality over space. The significant association between vaccination and Covid-19 incidence is robust to a host of spatial weight matrix specifications. Conspicuous spatial and temporal diffusion effects of Covid-19 incidence growth were found across all specifications: the former being a severer threat to the containment of the pandemic than the latter.