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Martin Samuels 《War & society》2016,35(4):275-297
The assault at Amiens was ‘the black day of the German Army’. British accounts treat the Germans as passive, of no more importance than the terrain, and victory as inevitable. Using German sources, and drawing on statistical ‘historical analysis’ of behaviour in battle, the article argues the frontline defenders panicked when thick fog left them defenceless against the British tanks. By contrast, when the fog lifted, the defence recovered. Although senior German commanders on the spot reacted well, Ludendorff fell into a state of shock, such that he convinced the Kaiser the war must be ended. 相似文献
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Annemarie van Heerikhuizen 《European Legacy》2008,13(4):401-411
This article traces the development of European ideas of peace and unity from the time of Desiderius Erasmus to Immanuel Kant. The argument will be made that these ideas, which were initially strongly determined by Christian religious thinking, gradually changed, and from the seventeenth century onwards were put forward in more political and legal terms. Erasmus's way of reasoning about peace and war was still strongly influenced by his firm orientation on the New Testament and the teachings of Jesus Christ. Emeric Crucé, a French writer, was of the opinion that all human beings in the end had God in common, and so had to live peacefully together. Duc de Sully was one of the first not to argue as a religious man but as a politician: a system of balance of power could bring international stability. According to the English Quaker William Penn and the French Abbé de Saint-Pierre only the acceptance of international rules of justice could produce everlasting peace. Immanuel Kant finally directed attention to the form of government and to the founding of a federation of free republics. So God seems to have disappeared from Europe?…?but with what consequences for today? 相似文献
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Joshua Samuels 《Archaeologies》2010,6(1):62-81
Foucault’s concept of the “heterotopia” has been applied broadly throughout the humanities and social sciences. Archaeologies
of the recent past are well-suited to examine these “other spaces”: blurring the line between past and present while juxtaposing
archaeological, archival, and ethnographic data, they can draw attention to the gaps, contradictions, and alternate orderings
that make up the world around us. Using the extensive agricultural land reforms and building programs undertaken by Italy’s
Fascist government in Sicily in the 1940s as an example, I extend the heterotopia concept to an analysis of archaeological
landscapes, critically exploring the benefits and limitations of a heterotopic perspective in archaeological contexts. 相似文献
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Richard Samuels 《Journal of Modern Italian Studies》2013,18(3):283-320
Abstract The Italian and Japanese roads toward democracy have been paved by external forces, by the timing of economic development, by ‘great’ leaders and by such factors as institutions, class structure, geography and even by accident. In finding a pair of countries where so much is similar, and yet where fundamental differences penist, comparativists have fertile ground in which to look for key factors in political (and democratic) change. This article, in short, takes aim at illuminating these factors by distinguishing between the structural and cultural conditions within which democratic tracks were laid in Japanese and Italian history. It concludes that a closer examination of leadership and agency is necessary to explain more fully democratic development in Italy and Japan. 相似文献
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Lisa Golombek Annemarie Schimmel Ervand Abrahamian Andrea P. Aran 《Iranian studies》1975,8(1-2):87-109
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This paper addresses the issue of incorporating household dynamics into operational dynamic urban models. Dynamic model approaches that can be used to model urban change are introduced and discussed. We conclude that these different approaches are best combined in an accounting framework. An example of an accounting framework for a dynamic model of Amsterdam is presented. The household submodel is discussed in detail and some preliminary results are given. 相似文献
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