Hotels as a Model of Regional Life: The Erzurum Sample

Few studies have been undertaken about geographical distributions of hotels. These studies mostly have been done in cities which attract tourists and have a tradition of tourism in order to clarify the factors which affect distribution of hotels. The purpose of this paper is to identify geographical distribution of hotels in the city of Erzurum in eastern Turkey, which does not have tourism as one of the traditional industries. Since hotels serve those who come from outside of the city and mostly from its surrounding regions, the city needs to be considered with its regions. As a result, in the same context hotels, bus-stations and coffee-houses come into the picture in order to serve for incomers. As a result of this, it appears that hotels-bus-stations-coffee-houses cooperate or create synergy. This synergy may be related with the offered service of the city to the surrounding or it may be due to the city's historical growth. All these relations can be explained with the “regional life model”. Regional life areas are those places in which all roads coming from outside end. In addition, such places serve those people coming to the city in order to meet different needs.     

Ulama in Islamic Law‐Making and Adjudication in Contemporary Egypt

The article examines the legislative and judicial tasks of Islamic jurists and how they carried it out in constitutional or general legal structure. While the Pakistani experiment was inspired by the Iranian model of jurists' involvement in legislatures, Egypt took a different path by not recognizing any official role for Islamic jurists with ambiguous recognition of Islamic jurisprudence. The legislative role could take the form of incorporating Islamic jurists into the legislature, establishing a committee partially made up of Islamic jurists, or handing over some legislative task to an Islamic jurisprudential institution. Despite the fact that Islamization was intended to respond to the people's requests, it employed autocratic and authoritarian mechanisms. The project attempted to replace the typical class of socially recognized jurists with appointed committees entrusted with Islamic codification. The experiment was challenged for its operation and its Islamicity but never introduced Shari'a courts or Islamic clerical legislation.