A synthesis of macro and micro approaches to explaining migration: evidence from inter-state migration in the United States

The interrelationships between macro and micro factors in the analysis of interstate migration in the United States are explored. A synthesis between these factors is attempted "by combining objectively calibrated characteristics of states with their subjectively measured counterparts....First, the relationships between the objective variables and their subjective counterparts are analyzed. Second, both sets of variables are used to explain residential preferences and migration. Third, a series of path models are constructed to indicate how the subjective variables act as intervening variables between their objective counterparts and migration."     

彭头山等遗址陶片和我国最早水稻遗存的加速器质谱~(14)C测年

本文介绍用加速器质谱碳十四测年(Accelerafor-mass-spectrometry—~(14)C)方法,简称AMS—~(14)C方法,直接测定古代陶片中各种含碳组分的年龄,并报道对湖南彭头山和胡家屋场两遗址陶片和我国最早水稻遗存的测年结果。这是北京大学考古系与牛津大学考古与艺术史研究实验室合作的成果。陶片的碳十四测年国内外还很少有系统的研究,它提供了新的可能,也提出了新的问题。     

Phineas Gage's contribution to brain surgery

In much contemporary literature the Phineas Gage case is described as contributing to the development of lobotomy and leucotomy but the historical evidence shows this to be an almost completely erroneous view. His case was, however, important in the development of brain surgery itself. I begin this paper by briefly mentioning four early cases of brain surgery and describing the Gage case. I then set out the context of the localisation debate, concentrating particularly on Broca's clinical observations, because Macewen planned the first operation on the brain in the light of Broca's findings. I then turn to that context as it was developed through Jackson's observations and Ferrier's experiments, because Bennett and Godlee used it in planning the first operation for the removal of a brain tumour. It was also in the localisation context that Starr first drew attention to the significance of the changes in Gage for localising frontal tumours. By the turn of the century, several operations had been performed on the frontal lobes and various difficulties with Starr's criteria had become apparent. The reasons for the difficulties will be brought out and I conclude with a brief discussion of the relation between the Gage case and the operations performed by Burckhardt, Moniz, and Freeman.