再谈三线建设的评价问题

20世纪六七十年代进行的三线建设,虽已过去几十年了,但对它的评价依然存在颇多争议。对三线建设作出分析评价,确非易事,很大程度上归因于其特殊性。有鉴于此,有必要提出三线建设二重性这一命题,即它既是旨在应对战争危险的特殊政治行为,又是谋求改善生产力布局的一般经济行为。由于战争没有绝对确实性,只有相对确实性,因此政府的经济行为并不总是取决于经济学原则,还要考虑社会政治的要求。与此同时,评价三线建设得失时,还要面对其经济分析的特殊因素和难以避免的模糊性。总之,三线建设得失相比,得是长期起作用的因素,是国家战略利益所系;失是得的必要代价,从根本上说是外部敌对势力强加给中国人的,也是暂时的,终归会得到补偿。     

两唐书《天文志》日食记录初探

唐代的日食记录,通常包括朔日干支、日食宿度、食分及起讫时刻等信息,总体以《新唐书.天文志》的记载较为准确和完整,但脱漏失载的情况仍然存在。《志》文中有关日食的模糊预言,暴露了帝王政治的统治危机,较为含蓄地反映了当时的政治事件和社会问题。但不可否认,《旧唐书.天文志》仍有《新志》无法替代的史料价值。     

试析清末民初江南地主的“租栈”经营

在20世纪前期剧烈的社会政治变迁中,绅士地主仍然作为权力机构的主体活动于乡村,只是此时的绅士构成并非局限于功名、身份,其来源和出身呈多元化趋势,其阶层构成要素有所变异,然而绅士之传统功能和角色却并无质的变化,仍具有代表地主权力机构性特征。但伴随社会经济的发展,中国农民摆脱绅士地主和地方权力控制斗争加强,抗租事件随之增多,由于中国地主制度在20世纪仍具有较强的生命力和奠基力,活动空间较大,故更愿意选择类似于＂租栈＂的专门机构进行收租,进而导致了城居地主和乡民之间本已动摇的联系变得更加松散,而得以维持其统治的只有＂租栈＂制度。     

Queerly situated? Exploring negotiations of trans queer subjectivities at work and within community spaces in the UK

While traditional perspectives on transgender from some strands of feminism and within medical/psychoanalytical discourse have argued that transgender people conform to and reproduce gender stereotypes, queer theory has celebrated transgender as a site that highlights the social and cultural construction of ‘sex’ and ‘gender’ and, moreover, as a symbol of transgressive gender possibility. Both of these readings ignore the complexities of lived trans experiences and identifications. By evaluating a queer reading of trans through recent empirical research into transgender identities, I suggest that while trans identifications certainly queer binary models of ‘sex’ and ‘gender’, such transgressions are materially, culturally, socially and spatially contingent. The article draws on empirical research to explore the ways in which access to queer subjectivities is constrained by, and negotiated alongside, the locales of the workplace and community spaces.     

THE LETTER KILLS: ON SOME IMPLICATIONS OF 2 CORINTHIANS 3:62

The paper focuses on an argument put forward by Augustine in his De doctrina Christiana: there are passages in the Bible that need to be read in a literal, contextual, and ultimately rhetorical perspective. This approach to the Bible (usually overshadowed by Augustine's own parallel emphasis on the importance of allegory) was needed to deal with customs—for instance the patriarchs' polygamy—that had to be evaluated, Augustine argued, according to standards different from those prevailing in the present day. This need inspired Augustine to utter some sharp remarks on the need to avoid (as we would say today) ethnocentric, anachronistic projections into the Biblical text. The long‐term impact of Augustine's argument was profound. The emphasis on the letter played a significant role in the exchanges between Christian and Jewish medieval readings of the Bible, which affected Nicholas of Lyra's influential commentary (Postilla). The same tradition may have contributed to Valla's and Karlstadt's audacious hermeneutic remarks on the Biblical canon, which covertly or openly focused on contradictions in the Biblical text, questioning the role of Moses as author of Deuteronomy. Traces of those discussions can be detected in Spinoza's Tractatus theologico‐politicus. The paper suggests that the emphasis on a literal, contextual reading of the Bible provided a model for secular reading in general. The possible role of this model in the aggressive encounter between Europe and alien cultures is a matter of speculation.     

圆明三园中的祀庙祠宇建筑探析

清代离宫圆明园及其附园中曾经修建大量的祀庙祠宇建筑,分别以龙王、关帝、土地神、花神等各种神灵为祭祀对象,清帝与皇室成员园居期间,经常来此祭拜。本文通过文献考证,对这些建筑的分布情况、具体形制、祀典特色作了详细考证,并试图进一步揭示其历史背景和文化内涵。     

Bringing the ‘invisible farmer’ into sharper focus: gender relations and agricultural practices in the Peak District (UK)

Women's farm work and the gendered nature of the farm space and farm practices have been important intersecting themes within feminist enquiry over the last 30 years. Much research has tended to underplay the wider evolution of these gender relations – leaving under-explored the longer-term formation and contestation of the gendered activities, spaces and identities observed in the present. This article draws on research on 64 farms in the Peak District (UK) to take a wider temporal view of farm gender relations. Utilising a farm life history approach the article considers three key moments within farming histories to explore the active role(s) played by women in shaping farms and farming practices. In doing so the article adds complexity and nuance to understandings of both processes, such as the ‘masculinisation’ of agriculture, and to the gendered geographies of the farm space.     

略论我国博物馆的陈列与展览

博物馆的陈列与展览在保存传统文化方面发挥重要作用,要使展览收到好的效果,就要求文博人集思广益、精心设计,提供人性化的服务,以吸引更多的观众。     

释西周金文赏赐物“甲”

本文通过对西周金文赏赐物甲进行全面的分析,同时根据铭辞文意和诸赏赐物排列规律,推测传统释为盾的一些形体应为甲;并对甲、盾二字在西周金文中的演变做了较为详细地阐述。