东北地区装备制造业的地位及其变化研究

国家振兴东北老工业基地计划的实施,为东北的振兴、特别是制造业的振兴带来了一定的机遇,但要恢复到原先的辉煌地位已不可能。东北地区装备制造业相对衰退的原因是多方面的,其中结构是基础,体制是关键,观念是根本。东北振兴、东北装备制造业振兴,必须抓住结构调整主线,彻底解决体制和观念障碍。本文以统计数据为基础,通过与长江三角洲、珠江三角洲的对比,揭示了东北装备制造业的现状特征和未来态势,剖析了东北装备制造业相对衰退的原因,提出了振兴东北装备制造业的政策建议。     

半层级式产业集群创新升级影响研究——基于技术权力的视角

论文以集群内部的技术权力体系为研究对象,以典型的LED半层级式制造业产业集群为案例,通过问卷调查方法,突破全球价值链的宏观视角,从集群内部权力的等级形态入手,分析技术权力对集群创新与升级的作用机制。重点分析张江LED产业集群不同发展阶段技术领导企业如何通过直接控制、制定技术标准、环节外包、技术扩散和溢出等手段,实现与地方创新升级之间的相互作用与耦合,总结出发展中国家和地区半层级式产业集群内部的技术权力关系、权力各方的相互作用机制和权力演化方向。     

京津冀都市圈制造业产业链的空间集聚度分析

本文利用产业间空间集聚度方法,计算京津冀都市圈制造业的空间集聚度,并通过时间趋势分析和区际对比,分析京津冀都市圈制造业的空间集聚水平。研究结论为:①2004年,京津冀都市圈制造业产业链的空间集聚度平均值为0.0151,属于低度空间集聚。②京津冀都市圈制造业产业链的空间集聚度呈逐年上升趋势。其中,资源密集型产业和资金技术密集型产业的空间集聚度上升趋势明显;劳动力密集型产业变化趋势不显著。③京津冀都市圈制造业产业链的空间集聚度低于长江三角洲地区,且产业链空间集聚与产业属性的关系不明确;技术密集型产业链的空间集聚度较低,而资源密集型产业的空间集聚度较高。     

云南省弥渡县合家山出土铜器的技术研究

一、合家山地理位置及出土器物概况合家山地处云南西部弥渡县红岩乡东部,1995年,该地共出土铜器45件(报道了44件,实地考察45件),石、陶范23件以及陶质的残坩埚和风管,因这批材料未经科学发掘,无地层和出土物关系,故报道中根据器形、纹饰的情况将时代定为春秋晚期至战国中期,并推测这是一处青铜时代的冶铸遗址[1]。     

A rentier class? Milanese nobility and the economy in post-unification Italy

ABSTRACT

The Lombard nobility’s loss of political power after the Napoleonic Wars has led economic historians to overlook the persisting role of traditional elites in social and economic life. The aim of the paper is to reassess the contribution of the Milanese aristocracy to Italian economic development, providing new insights into the business behaviour of the nobility in northern Italian areas. The article presents some new findings on noblemen’s investments and enterprises related to agriculture, manufacturing, trade and banking. The research focuses on the decades following Italian political unification, a period in which noblemen increased their interest in the financial sector and joint-stock companies (transport, banking, new sectors and industries) as a result of the transformations induced by the Industrial Revolution and the agrarian crisis of the 1870s and 1880s. Both quantitative and qualitative data will be used to assess not only the number of individuals involved and the capital they invested in new ventures, but also their role in orienting, stimulating, managing or supporting entrepreneurial activities and their openness to collaboration with the members of the middle class. The analysis combines the deeds produced by four notaries, chosen on the basis of their contiguity to the Milanese aristocracy, the foundation’s deeds of the main companies established in the city, conserved in the House of Trade, and the information provided by other local and national institutions. The cross-referencing of this data suggests that the Milanese nobility maintained a prominent economic role well beyond Italian political unification, contributing to the modernization of the national economy despite the weaknesses and contradictions that marked this process.     

COMPETING BY DESIGN, SPECIALIZATION AND CUSTOMIZATION: MANUFACTURING LOCKS IN THE WEST MIDLANDS (UK)

The past thirty years have seen major shifts and improvements in manufacturing productivity, bringing greater output but fewer jobs. As a result, manufacturing is now less visible in "post-industrial" societies. Nevertheless, manufacturing still matters in developed market economies but our understanding of manufacturing has failed to evolve with developments in the management and organization of production processes. This paper explores the lock industry in the West Midlands (UK), a traditional low-tech manufacturing sector. West Midlands lock companies that produced standardized, mass-produced products have experienced intensive competition from low-cost producers. Many of these firms have downsized their operations in the UK. Nevertheless, this is only one response to intensified competition. Lock firms located in the West Midlands are unable to compete on price and have shifted away from the production of mass-produced locks to concentrate on high value-added niche markets. The firms have developed inimitability strategies based around design, expertise, specialization, customization and nearness to market that assist them in maintaining their revenue and profit streams. Niche manufacturers have been far less susceptible and relatively immune to foreign competition and they continue to diversify product ranges by targeting specialist end-users. The emphasis is on producing high-quality locks in small batches that can be produced just-in-time to meet customers' requirements. The continued survival of these lock firms is based upon a strategy that includes the development of product-based competitive advantage combined with locational advantage and supported by efficient, responsive and customer-focused manufacturing processes.     

中国电子机械制造业出口产品贸易网络研究——基于产品内分工与贸易视角

在区分中间/最终产品、一般/加工贸易后，描述了中国电子机械制造业出口产品贸易网络，并探讨了出口经验和产品关联如何影响企业进入网络从事出口和拓展优势贸易伙伴。结果表明：①出口地、目的国、出口地-目的国维度出口经验和产品关联可以显著地促进4种电子机械制造业产品企业进入特定贸易网络进行出口。②在位出口企业扩展优势伙伴方面，出口地-目的国维度出口经验对4种企业均有促进作用；目的国出口经验、出口地产品关联的促进作用集中在中间产品企业；出口地出口经验则集中在一般贸易企业。     

Wools from textiles in the Mary Rose, a sixteenth-century English warship

Wool fibre diameter measurements defining fleece type are described for 25 yarns from fabric remains recovered from the 16th century wreck of the Mary Rose in Portsmouth harbour. Over half had natural grey pigmentation and nearly two-thirds were of primitive hairy medium wool.     

England’s trade with the Continent in the early thirteenth century: customs and the port of Dover

ABSTRACT

This article identifies and prints the earliest detailed customs list from northern Europe, which was prepared for the port of Dover in 1233 or soon after, and it gives fuller and more detailed information about trade than for any other northern European port at this date. The list shows a remarkable diversity of trade, including some of the earliest references to particular goods in English documents, and widespread sources of trade including Flanders, Germany and Italy. The depiction of such trading links prompts questions about the ‘commercial revolution’ and the development of European trade, for it shows how varied trade and consumption could be in the era of the fairs of the Champagne towns, before the establishment of direct maritime links from the Italian cities to northern Europe. The appearance of commodities and trading links in the Dover list suggest that commercial development was earlier and more evolutionary.