楚简释读七则

本文对《郭店楚简》中的“迁”、“兢”、“工”等字提出了新的释读;并为楚简“去”、“慎”字的释读提供新的文献证据。     

秦简"久刻职物"相关文字的解读

秦朝对官物实行“久刻职物”制度,明白这一点,可以帮助我们读懂相关简文。     

中国建筑遗产再认识

中国仿生的构架体系建筑,在历史早期就已传播到邻近的东亚国家,从而形成了一个东方建筑体系。18世纪以来,又影响到欧洲,与西方新材料、新技术相结合,使摩天楼得以矗立;中国《老子》的空间学说,引起世界"近代建筑革命";中国的陶制砌块用植物油处理的原理,促成抗酸、碱的"有、无机相结合"的建材理论,被誉为世界"建材革命"。直至今日,不同于西方"花园"(ga rden)和"林园"(pa r k)的中国人为环境与自然环境相融合的园林原理,促成了现代景观学;中国的精神与物质统一功能场效应的风水学说,已经在日、韩、美、德、法等西方国家兴起。作为全人类的财富——中国建筑遗产,将继续对人类生存环境的建设做出贡献。     

Honorary Secretary’s Report For 1966

Abstract

Wooden Madonna tabernacles from c.1150–c.1350 are today scarce, and it is therefore difficult to get a complete understanding of their original appearance and variations. Nevertheless there are still preserved at least fifteen Madonna tabernacles, or substantial fragments of them, in Scandinavia, which can give us a picture of the variety of appearance and form these large tabernacles had in this period. The surviving Scandinavian Madonna tabernacles have, like the southern European ones, quite a lot of variation in types and appearance, both in their closed and open positions. The largest group consisted of niches with relief-figures on the interior when open, but the scenes could also be painted, or painting and sculpture combined on the same surface. A neglected aspect of these tabernacles is their appearance in the closed position. Often the wings of the tabernacles have their original painting preserved on the exterior, even if the reverse has been overpainted or the wings have been restructured. Many of these original surfaces had non-figural decoration, such as foliage, monochrome surfaces in red or green, or a combination of simple patterns of red and green.     

“悬泉浮屠简”辨正

郝树声、张德芳所著《悬泉汉简研究》公布的一枚所谓悬泉浮屠简,从内容和格式上来看,该简不是僧徒之间的来往信件,也不是一件佛弟子要求拜见长老的名刺,而应属于请柬性质的简。     

Historical Development of Asian Anchors,as Evidenced by Two Wooden Anchors Found in Northern Vietnam

This article presents the result of research on two large wooden anchors recently identified in Hanoi, Vietnam. Some features of the anchors show similarities with anchors originating from East Asian regions, but the research demonstrates that they are probably from ships locally constructed in the 18th and 19th centuries. In the attempt to clarify the origin of these anchors, it was discovered that there has been little discussion on the historical development of anchors in East and Southeast Asia. Therefore, this article will also assess the significance of the two anchors in the regional evolvement of anchors. © 2010 The Authors     

Wood identification of a wooden mask using synchrotron X-ray microtomography

Recently, an old wooden mask was discovered at Yatsushiro city, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. This mask has been handed down from the end of the 16th century; a Japanese man of arms brought it from the Korean Peninsula during the war between Japan and Korea. In the Korean Peninsula, Hahoe masks have been stored in the Hahoe village and were designated as national treasures in 1964 and are presently possessed by the National Central Museum. Some concerns existed that this wooden mask could be one of the Hahoe masks. Since the Hahoe masks in Korea have all been made of alders (Alnus spp.), wood identification became a key issue to answer the abovementioned concerns. In fact, a flaked sample fragment was available and it was small and brittle enough to be sectioned without embedding. Furthermore, the sample was compressed in the tangential direction so that the surface was not clear enough to be explored by a scanning electron microscope. In this study therefore, a synchrotron X-ray microtomography at SPring-8 was used for the first time for wood identification. The experimental setup of BL20XU at SPring-8 allowed us to image any wood sample at a special resolution of 0.5 μm, which is enough to explore most anatomical features for wood identification established using optical microscopy. The sample was clearly diffuse-porous hardwood characterized by uniseriate heterogeneous ray and simple perforation. As a result, the mask turned out to be made of Salix sp., and the possibility that it is one of the Hahoe masks was ruled out.     

从秦汉竹简看中国古代循实断案原则的形成与发展

《睡虎地秦墓竹简》、《奏谳书》记载的案例反映了秦汉时期循实断案的基本原则。循实断案是先秦和秦汉时期司法审判的基本原则,神灵裁判是司法官在处理疑难的、任何一方都不能形成优势证据,且案件必须裁判的情况下,才采取的一种审判方法。     

上博楚竹书(四)《曹沫之陈》“连”释义

本文对《上海博物馆藏战国楚竹书》(四)《曹沫之陈》第32号简"悳连"进行了重新考释,认为"悳连"当读为"輚辇",指服务于军事活动的运输工具。简文中供"輚辇"役使的"白徒",为获罪没身服劳役的罪隶。     

论张家山汉简《津关令》之"禁马出关"--兼与陈伟先生商榷

陈伟先生对《津关令》“涉马诸令”原简次序的重新编排,涉及到如何认识汉代律令的本格式,也涉及到对“计献马”、“马价讹过平论”等内容的不同理解。结合相关资料,西汉初“禁马出关”之令起始于汉高祖刘邦时期,吕后时的《津关令》是其延续发展,但在汉帝时被明令停止执行。汉景帝时此政策又以“马弩关”令的形式出现,一直实行到汉昭帝时并最终取消。从整个实行过程的背景来看,这里的“关”主要指的是函谷、临晋、武关等内关,其扼制对象是关东的诸侯国,不涉及境外的敌对民族政权。