The Anthropogenic Use of Firewood During the European Middle Pleistocene: Charcoal Evidence from Levels XIII and XI of Bolomor Cave,Eastern Iberia (230–160 ka)

Human control of fire is a widely debated issue in the field of Palaeolithic archaeology, since it involved significant technological innovations for human subsistence. Although fire evidence has been the subject of intense debate regarding its natural or anthropogenic nature, most authors agree that combustion structures represent the most direct evidence of human control of fire. Wood charcoal fragments from these contexts represent the fuel remains that result from humans’ collection of firewood, which means they can reveal significant behavioural and palaeoenvironmental information relevant to our understanding of Middle Palaeolithic societies. In this work, we present anthracological data derived from combustion structure 2 (level XIII, ca. 230?ka, MIS 7) and combustion structure 4 (level XI, ca. 160?ka, MIS 6) from Bolomor Cave, which are chronologically among the earliest combustion structures found in Europe. The present work discusses how the presence of black pine and / or scots pine in both levels sheds light on the characterisation of the local landscape. Additional analyses focussing on the pre- and post-depositional processes affecting charcoal preservation point to biodegradation patterns. The aim of this work is to provide the first discussion concerning the anthracological data derived from Bolomor Cave in order to contribute to the general debate regarding the use of fire during the European Middle Pleistocene.     

沈阳市住房价格空间分异格局及其影响因素研究

本文以我国典型的老工业城市沈阳为例来分析其住房价格空间分异特征与影响机理。通过大数据方法获取该市1450个住宅小区的房价及特征数据，利用Kriging空间插值法模拟其房价空间分布格局，并从社区、公共配套设施和交通出行等方面构建地理加权回归模型，探究各因子对房价空间分布的影响机理。结果表明：①沈阳市住房价格呈现出多中心的空间结构，且长白区域已成为新的价格峰值区。②特征因素对住房价格的影响具有显著的空间异质性，其中，公共配套设施和地铁站对房价表现出较高的影响力，并对住房价格的作用程度呈现明显空间差异性。③受“强政府、弱市场”等的长期影响，政府调控下的城市资源分配不均衡成为沈阳等老工业城市住房价格空间分异的根本原因。     

汉代砖瓦窑的建造使用及数值模拟

春秋战国以来砖瓦窑业趋于繁荣成熟,建筑材料需求量的增多促使出现了大量砖瓦窑,汉代是砖瓦窑结构趋于成熟和稳定的重要时期,因此研究汉代砖瓦窑的功能结构变化关系对揭示中国古代窑炉结构的发展脉络具有重要的意义。本研究在前人对汉代砖瓦窑的结构变化研究基础上,使用计算流体软件FLUENT模拟砖瓦窑内流场和温度场,以河南省焦作市苏蔺村汉代窑址Y6和洛阳东周王城十一号窑为例分别进行数值模拟,从流体力学和热力学的角度分析汉代砖瓦窑内烟气的流动情况。结果表明多烟道窑较单烟道窑更具保温的优势,解释了汉代砖瓦窑结构变化的逻辑。     

Structural Assessment of Ancient Masonries before and during a Rehabilitation Process

ABSTRACT

The rehabilitation of old buildings requires detailed knowledge of the mechanical characteristics and stress state of the structural elements, which play an important role in the intervention process. In this sense, non-slightly destructive tests can estimate structural characteristics with good precision at relatively low costs. Consequently, this article presents a device, based on the flat jack technique, applied to continuous stress monitoring over time. It also focuses on the onsite determination of service stresses and its continuous monitoring in several masonry buttresses of a historic building, as well as the assessment of the structural safety before, during, and after an intervention process. A brief analysis of the research is performed, and the motivation and the methodology adopted are described. Finally, the evolution of the measurements recorded and the analysis of the results achieved are detailed. The study enabled recommendations to be made to the intervening agents that guarantee structural safety.     

Geoffrey Holmes and the Urban World of Augustan England

Urban history as a sub-discipline within history began to emerge in Britain in the 1960s and early 1970s. Attention initially focused heavily on the 19th century, but the Tudor and early Stuart town also soon attracted attention. Academic interest in the post-restoration and 18th-century urban world emerged a little more slowly, but the closing decades of the 20th century produced a mounting volume of research on the subject. Geoffrey Holmes was one of a group of post-war historians rewriting the history of Augustan Britain and re-establishing its significance in the longer-term development of the country. Though not a specialist urban historian, Holmes saw towns playing a vital part in shaping the character of the period. His research anticipated and inspired many of the facets of the rapidly-emerging historiography on the 18th-century town, intersecting with it in three particular areas. First, in demonstrating the important role played by towns, in particular as the home of four-fifths of the seats in the house of commons, in the broader political system; second, in highlighting the position of London at the hub of the Augustan world; and third in revealing the part played by towns, and especially those who inhabited them, in promoting social change at the same time as securing long-term political stability.     

中国行政区划改革的内卷化风险及其生成机制

透过对行政区划调整现象与文献的梳理，发现中国部分政区有“改而不变”的倾向，本文借用“内卷化”的概念对这种现象及其效应进行探讨，指出政区改革在行政层级、运行逻辑、空间关系、职能配置等方面都存在着“内卷化”隐忧。在此基础上，通过对国家结构、行政区划的资源属性和行政区经济之间关联的分析，阐释了政区改革内卷化的生成机制，认为行政区划配置资源的功能可能是政区改革陷入内卷化的一个重要前提。最后以常州武进和海南政区改革为例，探讨了本研究的分析框架与逻辑，并建议构建面向市场经济的行政区划调整框架，为继续深化行政体制改革提供空间支撑。     

城市舒适性视角下长春市创新产出的空间特征及影响因素

基于长春市2009—2018年专利授权数，以城市街道为创新产出基本分析单元，从城市舒适性视角探讨城市创新产出的空间格局及其影响因素。研究发现：2009—2018年长春市城市内部创新发展差异逐渐增大，局部区域相对均衡，整体呈现“西南集聚，东南分散”的空间特征；创新产出的空间单元数量逐渐增多，并形成“北低南高，四大核心”的空间格局；且伴随显著的高值集聚现象，企业、大学与研究机构的空间聚集性促进了知识溢出效应；城市舒适性对于长春市创新产出的空间集聚有一定影响，休闲舒适性因子与长春市创新产出的空间分布整体相关性较强。     

Fast Nonlinear Analysis of Traditional Chinese Timber-Frame Building with Dou-Gon

ABSTRACT

This article presents a study of the applicability of fast nonlinear analytical (FNA) models in predicting the global response of Chinese traditional timber-frame building with Dou-Gon under seismic excitation. Efforts are made to overcome challenges in establishing simplified calculation models, and the corresponding dynamic equations are derived considering the mechanical behavior of sliding column root, mortise-tenon joint and Dou-Gon (bracket sets). Furthermore, nonlinear time-history analysis is conducted under different seismic excitations. Through a verification study, a good correspondence is obtained with previous shake-table test results. Seismic response analysis is also conducted to investigate the energy dissipation of column root sliding, mortise-tenon joint, and Dou-Gon. Subsequently, peak responses of column root and roof under increased values of peak ground acceleration (PGA) are also analyzed. And then, seismic isolation ability and damping characteristics of the model are discussed.     

基于氮气吸附法的古代丝织品纳米孔隙研究方法初探

孔隙不仅是纤维骨架的一部分，也是外界物质进出的重要通道。目前，关于古代丝织品纳米孔隙结构的相关研究极少，仅有孔径一项评价指标，较为单一。实验采用红外光谱法和电子顺磁共振波谱法研究古代丝织品的降解特征，在此基础上采用低温氮气吸附法表征蚕丝纤维内部固有的孔隙结构，首次从孔形、孔径分布、比表面积、孔体积、平均孔径、分形维数等多个角度对古代丝织品的微观孔隙结构进行综合研究。研究结果表明：与现代丝织品相比，清代黄山样品、北宋南陵样品及战国郴州样品的劣化程度依次加深。孔结构分析显示，所有样品中同时含有狭缝形孔和圆筒形孔，孔隙具有连续性，表明蚕丝内部存在复杂的多级结构。其中，劣化程度较高的北宋和战国样品内部存在更多的大孔或开放性孔隙。Barrett-Joyner-Halenda(BJH)法和非定域密度泛函(NLDFT)法的研究结果显示，样品孔隙以介孔为主，孔径主要分布在20 nm以下，最可几孔径基本稳定在2.8 nm左右，为蚕丝内部的有序孔。比表面积和孔体积的研究结果表明，劣化程度较轻的黄山样品具有较高的比表面积，其孔体积的增加主要来源于小孔，南陵样品和郴州样品孔体积的增加主要来源于大孔。分形维数的...