宏观背景因素对海外移民企业家创业的影响--以澳大利亚的中国商业移民为例

论文基于2019年对阿德莱德和墨尔本两个州府城市的实地调研,主要探讨三个问题:一是宏观背景下的商业移民如何改变其人口与社会经济特征;二是宏观层面因素如何重塑商业移民的发展机会结构;三是中澳经贸关系现状对商业移民有何影响。研究显示:中国和澳大利亚的制度因素和经济背景,对于商业移民的影响在不同历史阶段其作用并非等效。中国近20年来的经济发展对于商业移民特征的转变起着主导作用,澳大利亚移民政策则在呼应改变的同时,间接促成了商业移民内部的组内差异。对于商业机会结构的转变,中国国内经济发展带动的需求市场起到良好促进作用,而澳大利亚的经济发展格局和相关的移民政策与制度作用则更为关键。     

The history men. The historical profession in England since the Renaissance

This study of port cities, focusing on those on the Atlantic facade of France, argues that their economic significance cannot be understood within the canons of an insular French, or even European history. They were often case studies of the more general phenomenon of the early globalisation of Europe. In particular, navigation, fishing, trade, and colonisation, depended not only on the seas and the port but also on the agrarian hinterlands. They were often determinative of national imperial expansion. Thus, the success of exports and imports were not necessarily judged on Atlantic crossings but rather on the supply and demand of national or European economies. Commerce did not end on the seashore, in a port, or even in a contraband network, but often deep within a nation's hinterlands.     

Patagonian Cinnamon and Pepper: Blending Geography in Alonso de Ovalle’s Tabula Geographica Regni Chile (1646)

ABSTRACT

The context and conditions under which early modern Europeans created images and maps that blended Asian and American geographies have recently received the attention of scholars. In this article I explore an example of this practice in the Chilean Jesuit Alonso de Ovalle’s mapping of Asian spices as it affected the southern region of his Tabula geographica regni Chile (Rome, 1646). I examine Ovalle’s inclusion of cinnamon and pepper in the Patagonian landscape as a persuasive allusion to the crucial role of the Strait of Magellan in his proposed revision of the trade route of the Spanish galleons.     

Symposium: Australia–US Economic Relations and the Regional Balance of PowerAustralia–US Economic Relations following the 2005 Free Trade Agreement

The Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA) came into force on 1 January 2005. Australia's exports to the US have since stagnated, while imports into and US investments in Australia have surged. This article analyses Australia–US economic relations with a focus on trade and investment flows. In addition, it examines the capital raising by US investment banks for these projects. The analysis traces the effects on the relationship of the Global Financial Crisis, the resources boom in Australia and the rise of the Australian dollar.

澳美自由贸易协定2005年元旦起生效。自那以来,澳大利亚对美出口止步不前,而来自美国的进口和投资却一路上扬。本文考察了澳美经济关系,重点分析了贸易和投资流。此外作者还研究了美国投资银行为那些项目的融资。以往分析研究探索了全球金融危机、澳大利亚起源开发热以及澳大利亚元升值三者之间关系所受的影响。     

16世纪后期英国的外贸公司及其历史作用

16世纪后期的英国,资本主义生产关系已初步形成,工农业生产得到一定程度的发展,呢绒成为英国重要的出口商品。都铎政府采取重商政策,鼓励商品出口。在此背景下,对外贸易公司纷纷成立。这些贸易公司除了在其垄断地区进行正常贸易外,同时从事地理发现和海上掠夺,并代表政府进行外交活动。外贸公司的活动,促进了英国工业的发展,对英国当时和后来的经济发展产生了深远的影响。这一时期出现的外贸合股公司这一组织形式,成为英国17世纪对北美洲和印度实行殖民占领和统治的过渡的组织形式。外贸合股公司为不列颠殖民帝国的创建做出了不可磨灭的贡献。     

The merchants of chang’an in the Sui and Tang dynasties

As the capital of the Sui and Tang dynasties, Chang’an brought together large numbers of high-ranking officials, aristocrats, local residents, and sojourners. The promise of profits caused by the high demand for consumer goods attracted merchants. Chang’an was also the starting point of the renowned Silk Road. For all these reasons, Chang’an became a gathering point for Small and medium-scale merchants, rich merchants, ethnic-minority merchants, and foreign merchants. All these merchants engaged in a wide variety of business activities and made money by surprisingly diverse means. Those with great economic power were quite active politically. The activities of these merchants symbolize the unprecedented growth of commerce in Chang’an and reveal the high level of development of urban trade in the Sui and the Tang dynasties. __________ Translated from: Shaanxi Shifan Daxue Xuebao 陕西师范大学学报: 哲学社会科学版(Journal of Shaanxi Normal University, Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), No.2, 2004, by Fabien Simonis. Fabien Simonis wish to thank Alexei Ditter for his help in translating poetic passages.     

现代物流与区域商贸中心的发展——以临沂市为例

现代物流是区域经济的重要构成要素,可以降低区域经济运行成本,改变经济增长方式,调整优化区域经济结构,形成新的经济增长点,促进以城市为中心的区域市场的形成与发展,特别是对具有一定商流规模的区域商贸中心的改造与发展具有重要的推动作用。临沂批发市场闻名全国,是典型的区域商贸中心,但滞后的现代物流制约了其进一步发展。应当积极规划发展现代物流产业体系,整合商流与物流,促进临沂商贸中心的持续健康发展。     

21世纪协调全球贸易与环境的基本原则

本文从总结国际贸易领域面临的环境问题和逐步恶化的趋势入手,分析了协调国际贸易与环境的迫切性和可能性,在此基础上提出了21世纪协调全球环境与贸易发展的五大基本原则,即贸易自由化原则;有区别的承担环境责任的原则;利用宏观经济政策推进区域可持续发展原则;贸易政策与环境政策的逐步标准化管理原则;尊重发展中国家的发展权利与生存权利原则。     

发达国家和发展中国家不同的贸易地位引发的贸易与环境问题分析

本文在对发达国家和发展中国家的贸易环境观进行比较分析的基础上,指出绿色贸易壁垒是发达国家在贸易活动中进行环境保护的主要手段。发达国家的贸易环境保护引发了一系列的环境问题,而发展中国家却遭受了许多不平等待遇。发展中国家应采取积极措施,协调贸易与环境保护问题。     

Dynamics of Social Complexity in Early Nineteenth-Century British Fur-Trade Posts

During the early nineteenth century, the Hudson's Bay and the North West Companies controlled much of western Canada. Both companies employed hierarchical command structures that influenced all elements of social life within the posts. Both companies confronted a significant level of interrank tension, and sought to reinforce authority figures using imported wealth items and privileges. However the enormous transportation costs made it prohibitively expensive to supply many of these status items to junior officers stationed at remote outposts. As a result, new informally derived means of symbolizing and defending social position were negotiated using techniques and commodities that were unaffected by transportation difficulties.