A Framework for Assessing the Vulnerability of Archaeological Sites to Climate Change: Theory,Development, and Application

Abstract

The predicted impacts of climate change on cultural heritage are likely to be dynamic and complex. Understanding the potential risks at site level is vital to ensure that appropriate adaptation and mitigation measures are put in place. There is, however, a dearth of tools and methodologies suitable for use by heritage managers. In this paper the potential of vulnerability analysis for site-based assessment is explored. A six-step vulnerability framework, adapted for cultural heritage, is illustrated utilizing material from two case-study sites (Brú na Bóinne and Skellig Michael). The implementation of each step in the proposed framework is demonstrated to aid those wishing to apply the method in practice. The ‘values based’ approach taken is suitable for a wide range of cultural heritage including landscapes, monuments, and buried archaeology. The six-step framework and the utilization of indicators provide a method that allows comparison between sites and yet is sufficiently flexible to account for localized concerns. The framework will aid decision makers with planning and prioritization.     

Identifying heritage values in local communities

Preservation of cultural heritage is often carried out by voluntary workers in local communities, especially when the objects are not of major national interest, not listed, and not preserved by heritage authorities. The motivation for local preservation, and for spending time and money on objects belonging to the community, is not primarily to preserve cultural heritage objects for the future, but to establish and maintain common social institutions in the local society, institutions of vital importance to the local identity. The aim of this paper is to investigate how the local understanding of heritage relates to its official understanding in a Norwegian context. The paper will also examine to what degree the Norwegian heritage authorities have managed to implement the emphasis on local participation and the social dimensions of heritage, given strong articulation in later international conventions. Criteria for value assessment, as defined by national heritage authorities, do not seem to play a vital role in the local heritage field. The central authorities’ focus on professionalism, qualified management, and predefined criteria appears to meet limited resonance in local communities.     

MAKING CHAINS THAT (UN)MAKE THINGS: WASTE–VALUE RELATIONS AND THE BANGLADESHI RUBBISH ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY

There is growing empirical and theoretical interest in post‐consumption activity that results in the capture and creation of value from waste in the global economy. This article engages with two dominant approaches to tracing the capture and creation of value, global value chains (GVCs) and global production networks (GPNs), and their shared call to examine waste disposal and recycling. Using non‐participant observation, semi‐structured interviews, and a survey we examine what happens to the products of one of GVCs ‘and GPNs’ paradigmatic industries, electronics, when they are labelled e‐waste and are imported into Dhaka, Bangladesh, as rubbish electronics. Rather than wasting and final disposal predominating, our research documents a substantial rubbish recovery economy that captures and creates value anew. Consequently, we argue that both GVC and GPN approaches must rethink how they theorize the capture and creation of value.     

龙游石窟的成因及遗产价值分析

龙游石窟位于浙江省西部金衢盆地中心,是中国南方罕见的红砂岩洞窟,其成因迄今尚未形成共识。持采石观点的既有研究主要从地质岩性、开采技术和石料需求等方面进行了探讨。本文以龙游县域乃至浙西地区为空间范围,在充分查阅文献与实地考察的基础上,从区域历史、红砂岩采石传统、区域地形、采石成本四个方面论证了龙游石窟作为历史时期采石遗迹的可能性和合理性。在此基础之上,文章分析了龙游石窟较之相关世界遗产项目所具备的比较特点,认为龙游石窟符合世界遗产的第(i)、(iv)和(v)条标准。     

价值共创:景区游客管理理念转向及创新路径

在可持续发展思潮的影响下,游客管理重新成为研究的热点。国内外景区游客管理理论先后出现了"以环境保护为导向"和"以游客为中心"两种重要思想,但二者均忽视了游客在自我管理中的能动性及其对景区可持续发展的重要意义,因而削弱了二者的实践价值。价值共创理论作为强调企业和消费者基于价值互动的新理论,为重新审视和创新景区游客管理理念提供了新路径。在价值共创式游客管理框架模型中,景区游客的偏好管理、容量管理、体验管理和行为管理等界面,构成了价值共创式游客管理理念模型的四大板块。景区为游客搭建对话与互动的平台,并构建个性化体验环境,推动四大板块的管理创新与联动,从而实现生态价值、体验价值和经济价值的最大化。     

全球价值链下的文化产业升级:以大芬村为例

全球金融危机以后,大芬村实现了从生产行画的城中村到结合复制与创意的综合性油画生产基地的产业成功转型。本文分析了此案例在全球化背景下,产业链动力机制的演变对产业链与产业结构、雇佣关系与劳动者身份、进而对整个产业转型升级的推动与影响。本文指出,正是这种介于普通手工业与文化创意产业之间身份认同的焦虑,其中所蕴含的劳动者自我价值的认同,终而成为顺应市场需求变动中的实现产业升级的内在动力。最后讨论了大芬村文化产业升级案例之于发展中国家产业发展与转型的意义,以及地方性在此发挥的重要作用。     

基于形态学的历史性城镇景观遗产价值判识与地理过程分析——以庐山牯岭镇为例

当今我国历史性城镇景观的研究、保护与管理多基于历史遗存的现状展开,对其价值认知和保护管理造成了一定的不利影响。城市形态学领域的康泽恩学派根植于城镇的历史演化过程,为历史性城镇景观的认知及保护管理提供了良好的支持。在该理论的指导下,对庐山牯岭镇开展了遗产价值判识与地理过程分析,其间,根据中国的历史文化和社会经济背景,对该方法进行了调整与发展,旨在探讨适合中国历史性城镇景观的保护管理及更为广泛的城镇景观的管理方法。     

《明清史料辛编》在《杨嗣昌集》整理中的文献学价值

在《杨嗣昌集》整理所使用的众多参照本中,以明清宫廷档案为基础的《明清史料辛编》所收录的《杨嗣昌奏疏》具有极高的文献学价值。因为它保存的是作者疏稿的原貌,从而为解读《杨文弱先生集》有关问题提供了钥匙,为《杨嗣昌集》的整理找到了真传,并且可为古文献的辨证和利用提供许多有益的启示。     

社会转型期电视新闻媒介的发展及新闻报道价值取向

改革开放以来,我国的电视新闻媒介与其他各行业一样发生了翻天覆地的变化。文章对此主要从传播模式、传播视角、传播元素、传播时态、传播的价值取向及内容等方面进行了论述。     

构建社会主义核心价值体系要素分析

社会主义核心价值体系是社会主义制度的精神内核．为维护安定团结的政治局面和推动经济社会发展提供思想支撑。建设社会主义核心价值体系是一项长期复杂的系统工程,要在深入研究和尊重其形成和发展规律基础上,充分尊重和发挥人民群众的主体性地位和作用,整合法律、政府、舆论和社会组织等要素,合力构建,争取早日达成目标的实现。