World Class Aspirations,Urban Informality,and Poverty Politics: A North–South Comparison

Under the influence of the discourses and practices of global neoliberal urbanism, municipal administrations worldwide aspire to make their cities world class spaces, where informality is an anachronism and poverty can be made history. In this essay, drawing on fieldwork conducted in Jakarta, Indonesia, San Francisco (California), and Seattle (Washington), we address the question of how a geographic relational poverty approach can help us understand, or at least expand ways of thinking about these processes by attending to urban informality and the politics of poverty. Informality, a pervasive feature of the global South and North, functions as a survival strategy whereby the monetarily poor can compensate for their lack of income through commoning. Market-driven, state underwritten urban development initiatives for housing those with wealth is limiting the conditions of possibility for the monetarily poor, and informality. This is compounded by emergent political discourses rendering informality as inappropriate, and the monetarily poor as undeserving of a right to the city. Yet long-standing more-than-capitalist and communal informal practices pursued by the urban poor remain effective and necessary survival strategies, supporting residents whose presence is necessary to the city and whose practices challenge capitalist norms.     

State Stigmatisation in Urban Turkey: Managing the “Insurgent” Squatter Dwellers in Dikmen Valley

This paper contributes to the accounts of territorial stigmatisation by examining the state role in it in the case of Turkey, a country that suffers from growing state power. The existing debates are mainly restricted to its function as an economic strategy paving the way for capital accumulation through devaluing working-class people and places. Drawing on textual analysis of political speeches, local newsletters and mainstream national newspapers and fieldwork material that include interviews and observations in Dikmen Valley where some squatter communities mobilised against the state-imposed urban transformation project, I demonstrate that state conceptualisation of “problem people” targets the “insurgent” rather than the “unprofitable” groups. Stigma in urban settings functions in inciting the desire to meet the patterns deemed appropriate by the state, rather than the market. Moving from that, I argue that stigma is used as a state-led political strategy, which is integral to the growing authoritarianism in Turkey.     

Teardowns,popups, and renovations: How does housing supply change?

Cities grow in layers over time. As population and land values increase, older, smaller buildings are replaced with higher density, higher value structures. However, direct costs of redevelopment and institutional barriers such as zoning may constrain replacement of older structures, leading to alternate forms of supply adjustment. In this paper, I use data on building permits in Washington DC to examine three different forms of residential investment: new construction, expansion of existing structures, and renovation. Results suggest that new construction accounts for a relatively small part of residential investment and is highly concentrated in a few neighborhoods. Expansions and alterations of existing structures are more frequent and more evenly dispersed across space. Recent increases in housing values are correlated with more new construction, but only among neighborhoods with relatively more permissive zoning. Additions and alterations are more prevalent in neighborhoods with high property values, older housing, and more restrictive zoning.     

城市少数民族社区地方认同的消解与重构

在城市空间生产与再生产过程中,城市少数民族社区空间形态及功能的重大改变,需通过地方重构以维系少数民族地方特色及文化传承。开封善义堂回族社区案例研究发现,城市少数民族社区的地方形成以及地方认同建构,依赖于自身独特的居住环境及文化传统。少数民族社区由聚居转变为散居的地方变迁,对居民的地方感知及地方归属感具有重要影响。集中代表地方意义的独特空间,有助于地方及认同的重构。城市少数民族社区中被赋予特殊意义的空间,对地方的建构及文化的传承具有关键作用。     

空间隔离视角下中西方城市社会排斥研究述评

空间已成为社会排斥研究的重要维度。本文通过梳理国内外相关文献,重点对空间隔离与社会排斥的内在逻辑及其重点研究领域进行阐述。总体上,社会排斥研究的空间维度聚焦于资源和机会的非均衡配置及流动性障碍导致的边缘化过程。具体来讲,从邻里结构性特征中辨识潜在的被排斥主体,强调了社会排斥产生的物质基础;厘清不同尺度、不同空间类型下空间隔离与社会排斥相互作用机制,为消除空间隔离产生的社会排斥障碍提供实践基础。基于社会融合发展目标,提出融贯社会空间隔离到社会空间融合的分析框架,为建构多尺度社会融合路径提供理论支持。     

基于POI的城市影子教育机构空间格局及其影响因素——以兰州市主城区为例

影子教育作为普遍而又特殊的人文社会现象尚未引起空间科学的关注。本文基于POI数据,融合GIS空间分析及地理探测器等方法,探究了兰州市影子教育机构空间分布特征及影响因素。结果表明：①兰州市影子教育机构总体表现出“西疏东密”的河谷带状分布,并呈现“一主多次”的组团式空间结构;②内部差异较大且不同类型机构的分布特征不同,区位选择的尺度差异明显且集聚形态各异;③不同类型机构的专业化水平差异显著,形成了不同功能型的专业化空间单元;④城市居住小区、商服环境、主流教育机构及交通可达性是影响影子教育空间布局的重要因素,由此驱动形成了不同类型的空间布局模式。     

环南海国家及地区人口城市化特征与空间格局演变

环南海国家及地区既是海上丝绸之路建设发展的重要地带枢纽,也是进行国际合作的重要平台,由于区域内自然条件、社会经济基础和城市发展阶段等存在不同,其内部城市化过程与城市体系格局存在较大差异。本文基于1960—2020年环南海地区国家和主要城市层面等多尺度的人口数据,利用城市首位度指数与城市空间基尼系数两个指标,结合核密度等空间分析方法,对环南海国家及地区的人口城市化与空间格局的时空演化特征进行实证研究。研究表明：第一,环南海国家及地区大部分进入城市化发展后期,但区域内部城市化发展出现较大差异,越南、柬埔寨的城市化落后于其他国家（地区）;第二,区域内城市体系空间结构以强单中心结构为主,双（多）中心结构的国家及地区较少,城市体系内部发展不平衡,城市规模分布以首位分布居多;第三,主要城市人口空间集聚现象显著,且还有进一步集聚发展的倾向。本研究揭示了环南海国家及地区的城市发展过程和分布规律,对推进“21世纪海上丝绸之路”南海航线建设和中国—东盟自由贸易区建设具有重要的科学意义。     

农民工随迁子女的课余空间行为及其对城市融入的影响研究——基于上海市某小学学生的调查

空间行为有助于表征主体的社会融入状况。基于移民融入城市的一般机理,并结合对上海市某小学学生的活动日志调查,探讨了农民工随迁子女的课余空间行为特征及对其城市融入的影响。研究表明,随迁子女的课余活动主要局限于农民工群体的生活空间和交际圈,明显地以居住地和学校为中心,空间范围较小,与城市儿童行为空间的交叠度较小,内群体交往倾向明显,从而在文化、心理和身份偏好上难以产生对所寄居城市的认同感,不利于他们的城市融入,为此,建议相关学校为随迁子女利用课余时间融入所在城市创造更多机会。     

‘The vandals at home’: Antonio Cederna’s denunciation of the devastation of Italian cities in the postwar period

Writing for the influential magazine Il Mondo, Antonio Cederna relentlessly denounced the projects and works that endangered Italy’s historical and landscape heritage in a period – the 1950s and 1960s – characterized by processes of change that were as intense as they were disordered and contradictory. The battles he waged against the danger of Italian cities being tampered with by those whom he called ‘the vandals at home’ had a significant impact on urban development. In addition, his discourse left a deep and enduring trace in Italian journalism, urban planning and historiography. This article focuses on the early period of Cederna’s journalistic activity: it delineates the core features of his denunciation, paying as much attention to its contents as to the form and manner in which it was expressed, and it assesses the outcome and legacy of his press campaigns both on a material and a political-cultural level.