Spatial inequality and urban costs: Revisiting the home market effect

This paper investigates how the interactions between product differentiation, transport costs, and urban costs determine the spatial inequality in a general‐equilibrium model. We shed light on the interrelation between different definitions of home market effect (HME) in literature. While the wages in the large region are always higher, the HME in industrial distribution occurs in a limited range of parameters, implying that the HME in factor price is more pervasive. Moreover, we show that the reverse HME is the more common outcome. It indicates that neglecting urban costs in theoretical methodologies tends to overestimate the existence of HME. We also disclose how a change in urban costs or transport costs affects regional inequalities and welfare.     

Cities and climate change – examining advantages and challenges of urban climate change experiments

ABSTRACT

This paper contributes to the literature on urban climate change experiments by analysing ascribed advantages and challenges of organizing climate change experiments at the urban scale, and by examining how local actions translate into effect. We here distinguish between effects of experiments in achieving actual sustainability gains (‘goal-oriented objectives’) and instigating broader institutional change (‘process-oriented objectives’). Empirically, we analyse efforts related to energy supply in two Danish urban climate change experiments: The ‘CPH 2025 Climate Plan’ in Copenhagen, and ‘ProjectZero’ in Sønderborg. Our analysis poses considerable question marks over the importance of the advantages ascribed to urban climate change experiments including ‘authority advantages’ and possibilities of ‘engaging and mobilizing stakeholders’.     

Complacent young citizens or cross-generational solidarity? An analysis of Australian attitudes to democratic politics

Negativity towards mainstream politics is at an all-time high, with young people often targeted as the issue. However, are young people really to blame for political malaise? This article seeks to make sense of contemporary debate about political disenchantment in Australia using a cluster analysis to compare levels of complacency across generational cohorts. In this, we find no evidence to support the idea that Australians of any age cohort are complacent about their democracy. Although, there is some evidence of attitudinal differences between cohorts, criticisms of the practice of politics are also widely shared. Moreover, a majority of citizens appear to favour a mix of reforms combining mechanisms to open-up representative politics with opportunities for more direct intervention. To this end, we rebuke the narrative of a specific apathetic or disconnected Australian age cohort.     

南京城市轨道交通建设潜在影响下的土地利用分异研究

选取南京轨道交通沿线土地利用状态作为研究对象,针对南京轨道交通建设的发展背景和特点,通过GIS和RS技术,建立南京市中心城区的土地利用、交通等综合数据库,运用"廊道效应"方法,研究轨道交通沿线的土地利用分异情况,探讨轨道交通建设对城市土地利用空间分异的潜在影响。结果表明:居住用地已经表现出明显的廊道效应,从轨道交通线中心圈层向外逐步递减;而公共设施用地和工业用地则表现不明显。基于以上结果,从空间角度研究轨道交通线路与沿线土地利用的相互关系,提出有利于南京轨道交通建设与高强度土地开发相结合的联合开发模式。     

志丹苑元代水闸遗址木构件侵蚀微生物的防治研究

为研究志丹苑元代水闸遗址木构件免受微生物危害的方案,本工作采用碘代丙炔基氨基甲酸酯(Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate,简称IPBC)处理的方法解决志丹苑元代水闸遗址木构件侵蚀微生物的防治问题。将遗址中处于潮湿环境条件下的木构件经IPBC处理5年后,测得其细菌总量减少89.25%,真菌总量减少55.56%,且木构件中微生物主要类群发生了很大的变化。研究表明,IPBC对于可能导致潮湿环境条件下木构件材质软腐的微生物的生长具有明显的抑制作用。本研究为控制志丹苑元代水闸遗址木构件的微生物危害提供了有效的备选方案。     

Geographical Scale, the 'Feel-Good Factor' and Voting at the 1997 General Election in England and Wales

Many analysts associate voting patterns in Great Britain with electors' evaluations of the state of the economy, whereby those who think it has improved recently are likely to vote for the government's return to power, whereas those who think it has worsened are more likely to vote for an opposition party. Most of these studies consider the national economy only, but data derived from the 1997 British Election Study cross–sectional survey show strong relationships between votes and evaluations of recent changes in the electors' (self-defined) home areas. This paper relates those evaluations, and the resultant voting patterns, to the 'objective circumstances' in the respondents' home areas, using unemployment rates as an indicator of local economic well-being. Using specially devised data for 'bespoke neighbourhoods' around each respondent's home, we show that the probability of a vote against the government was a function of both 'objective conditions' and 'subjective evaluations', and that there were significant scale effects in this: people apparently reacted to very local variations when making their voting decisions.     

旅游竞争力评价范式：反思与启示

旅游竞争力研究已经成为旅游学术界的一个热点。然而,国内外关于旅游竞争力的评价,基本上是沿用波特的国家竞争力评价范式,相互之间的差异无外乎“指标选择”或“权重配置”两个方面。本文在回顾文献的基础上,从理论和实证两个角度对当前的旅游竞争力评价范式进行了反思。从理论分析来看,当前旅游竞争力评价范式的假设前提并不成立,对指标的选取也值得商榷;从实证角度来看,其所建构的模型难以解释诸多旅游地的发展。本文认为旅游竞争力的大小绝不等同于各个竞争要素“绝对数值”的简单求和,而是隐含在由旅游体验所决定的需求结构、竞争要素之间的结构性构造以及不同竞争目的她的“相对地位”之中。简言之,旅游竞争力的大小,从需求来看,取决于需求结构及其变化;从供给上看,取决于竞争要素的相对地位及其结构所决定的旅游地的相对优势。     

针对我国省际旅游业发展与经济增长间关系的空间计量方法应用

本研究利用空间计量模型研究中国省际旅游业发展与经济增长的关系。结果表明：1999～2007年各省级行政区的旅游发展对经济增长具有长期推动作用;各省级行政区的经济增长受到本区域旅游业发展水平、邻近区域的旅游业发展水平和经济增长的共同影响;并且入境旅游对经济增长的作用效果比国内旅游更为显著。因此,建议各省级行政区在旅游产业布局和功能分区的基础上加强区域间旅游合作和开拓国际国内旅游市场。     

管理人员的公仆型领导风格对员工工作绩效的持久影响

作者采用纵断调研法,在广州市3个客运站连续6个月收集员工的工作绩效数据,对管理人员的公仆型领导风格和员工的服务导向行为与员工的工作绩效之间的因果关系进行实证检验。滞后效应分析结果表明,管理人员的公仆型领导风格不仅影响员工的目前工作绩效,而且通过员工原先的工作绩效,间接影响员工目前的工作绩效。员工的服务导向行为中介管理人员的公仆型领导风格对他们的工作绩效的正向影响,并调节员工原先的工作绩效对目前的工作绩效的影响。     

会展经济效应的作用机制研究：一个以创业活动为传导路径的观点

本文依托会展研究、资源基础论和创业研究等理论研究成果,通过文献分析和理论推导,揭示会展经济效应的作用机制,提出了基于创业活动的会展产业经济效应作用过程概念模型。研究发现,会展产业的资源集聚和流动特性满足了创业活动的资源需求,使得新创企业克服新进入缺陷而提高存活率和绩效水平,即会展产业通过影响创业活动进而产生巨大经济效应。在这条具体的传导路径中,资源成为重要传导手段。