Investigating Private Motorised Travel and Vehicle Fleet Efficiency: Using New Data and Methods to Reveal Socio‐Spatial Patterns in Brisbane,Australia

Australian cities have seen continued long‐term growth in private motor vehicle travel that has imposed increasing vehicle energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. This paper investigates the spatial patterns of vehicle energy consumption on urban areas through an analysis of vehicle travel and of vehicle fleet efficiency in Brisbane, Australia. This is achieved by combining motor vehicle registration records and Australian government's ‘Green Vehicle Guide’ of vehicle fuel efficiency database. The results of a spatial analysis of the private vehicle trip distances derived from journey to work data and fuel energy consumption associated with the private‐owned vehicles decomposed to local areas show that private vehicle energy use tends to increase with increasing distance from the city centre (e.g. central business district). This analysis demonstrates that differences in vehicle trip distances and lower proportions of high‐efficiency vehicles in the outer suburbs aggravate vehicle energy consumption in those locations. The paper further compares vehicle energy use results for Brisbane against spatial patterns of suburban socio‐economic disadvantage. The paper demonstrates that access to vehicle fleet technology may compound other forms of socio‐economic disadvantage and vulnerability.     

Earthquakes and Petticoats: Maria Graham,Geology, and Early Nineteenth-Century ‘Polite’ Science

Re-visiting the controversy caused by the first female-authored report in the Transactions of the Geological Society, this article probes the gendered layers of the early nineteenth-century scientific community. Maria Graham's ‘Account of Some Effects of the Late Earthquakes in Chili [sic]’ (1824) had considerable influence, and was referred to by Charles Lyell and Charles Darwin. In 1834, however, George Greenough, President of the Geological Society, questioned the accuracy of Graham's observations. Graham in turn defended herself adroitly, in an acrimonious exchange which found an international audience. While this dispute has received some attention from historians of science, previous discussions assume that Graham was no geologist, but simply a traveller who witnessed events of great relevance to contemporary geology. Drawing on extensive archival research, this article demonstrates to the contrary that Graham had considerable interest and expertise in this branch of science. Using the dispute to shed light on the multiple milieux in which early nineteenth-century science took place, it explores the constraints and opportunities faced by women with scientific interests, and the rhetorical strategies required of them, as they negotiated the diverse modes of contemporary science. It also highlights little-known networks of friendship, correspondence and intellectual exchange between scientifically minded women.     

国内游客行前信息搜索与目的地满意度评价研究——以黄山风景区为例

行前信息搜索是游客旅游决策过程的首要步骤之一,而信息则会进一步影响游客的系列消费行为及其满意度评价。本文在文献回顾的基础上,以黄山风景区为例构建了国内游客行前信息搜索测量量表和目的地游客满意度评价测量量表,并通过因子分析萃取出了上述量表的因子结构,通过独立样本T检验和事后多重比较法检验了游客行前信息搜索行为的组间差异、检验了游客对目的地满意度评价的组间差异。典型相关分析则发现,"信息搜索的媒体导向"、"深入性信息"、"信息搜索的经验与中介导向"和"保健性信息"等国内游客行前信息搜索因子与目的地游客满意度评价因子存在正相关关系,但游客对"深入性信息"、"信息搜索的媒体导向"的关注程度较为有限。基于上述检验与发现,文章提出了黄山风景区提高游客满意度的若干举措。     

旅游同伴角色对旅游者行为的制约影响——以香港海洋公园为例

随着旅游业不断发展,当今社会,大众型旅游模式已不能满足人们的个性化旅游需求,自由行、自助游等旅游模式悄然占据市场主体地位。大多数散客与家人/朋友/同学/同事等结伴出游。从时间地理学的制约思想和认知供给理论来看,旅游者的行为因此受到旅游同伴的制约影响。如何选择旅游同伴,选择怎样的旅游同伴成为旅游者首先要考虑的问题。本文以香港海洋公园为例,企图探寻同伴角色与旅游者行为制约要素之间的关系,实证结果表明旅游同伴包含不同的角色-家人、朋友、同学、同事、旅游团,不同的角色对旅游者行为制约因素的影响力不同。     

信息技术对南京城市居民休闲活动与出行的影响

从网络休闲角度出发,运用结构方程模型就信息技术对南京城市居民休闲活动与出行的影响进行实证研究,探索居民社会经济属性、信息化水平、网络休闲活动和出行之间的关系。结果显示:信息技术对南京城市居民的休闲活动已经产生了广泛的影响;而网络休闲活动的增加也确实减少了居民每日的非必要性出行时间,说明对居民出行有替代或修正性的影响;此外,居民的社会经济属性是影响居民网络休闲活动和出行选择的根本,其中,年龄和学历,学历和收入,分别是当前影响居民网络休闲活动状况以及居民出行方式选择的关键。     

From town to town: how commercial travel connected manufacturers and markets during the industrial revolution

Positioning itself with regards to debates on the role of regionalization in the industrial revolution and on consumer and retailing revolutions, this paper uses the records of John Shaw, hardware factor of Wolverhampton, to examine how commercial travel created real spatial interactions across the industrializing economy of northern England in the period 1810–15. The paper argues that by integrating production and consumption, commercial travel played a vital part in advancing and reconciling the concurrent but apparently conflicting processes of economic regionalization and economic integration that characterized the period. Empirically, the paper contributes original data indicating concrete patterns of interaction across the space economy of early nineteenth century northern England in terms of both ‘routes’ and the intensity of interactions. The empirical material also allows for discussion of customer identities, the structure of geographically dispersed commodity chains and regional variations, if any, the nature of customer relationships.     

不同模式下城市郊区居民工作日出行行为的比较研究——基于北京与广州的案例分析

本文选择北京、广州的两个典型社区,分别作为转型期中国城市居住郊区化"政府主导模式"与"市场主导模式"的代表案例,基于两个社区的活动日志调查数据,比较两个社区居民的工作日出行行为,以此探究居住郊区化模式对居民出行行为的影响,在国内已有时间地理学研究基础上进行城市间直接比较研究的尝试。研究发现:政府主导的居住郊区化模式为居民提供了较完善的活动机会与便捷的出行环境,但并没有避免职住空间错位;市场主导的居住郊区化模式无法提供完善的活动机会与良好的出行环境,居民日常活动高度依赖于内城。     

论旅行社企业的虚拟经营趋势

本文分析了旅行社虚拟经营的必然性,认为虚拟企业组织是我国旅行社的主要演进方向,并对旅行社虚拟策略的实施要点作了探讨。     

旅行社战略联盟问题研究

战略联盟不失为增强我国旅行社整体竞争力的有效手段,本文就旅行社的战略联盟问题进行了探讨,提出组建战略联盟的必要性和主要形式。     

论旅游产业生态管理系统的构建

本文在简要回顾我国旅游产业发展现状与问题的基础上,提出了“旅游产业生态管理系统”的基本概念,并就建立旅游产业生态管理系统的问题进行了比较系统的研究和论述。其中重点探讨了建立旅游产业生态管理系统的必要性、构建思路、基本框架和主要研究内容等。