旅游重要性感知、旅游动机与人口特征:基于香港居民调查数据的实证研究

本文基于对香港居民的大规模电话调查,采用最优尺度回归模型,探讨出游动机和人口统计特征如何影响香港居民对旅游重要性的感知以及人口统计特征如何影响香港居民的出游动机。回归结果显示:休闲放松和发掘新事物是影响旅游重要性感知的主要旅游动机,家庭月收入和受教育程度是影响旅游重要性感知的主要人口统计特征;与亲朋好友聚会、社交、休闲放松、逃脱日常事务和发掘新事物动机最相关的人口统计特征分别是家庭月收入、年龄、家庭月收入、年龄和受教育程度,而性别对香港居民的各种出游动机无显著影响。     

邮轮旅游供应链的旅行社激励机制研究:组织游客奖励还是营销推广扶持?

考虑到旅行社在我国邮轮旅游销售供应链中的重要性,邮轮港口所在地政府为推进邮轮旅游产业发展,普遍对旅行社实施两种激励政策——组织游客奖励与营销推广扶持。但两类激励政策对当地政府、邮轮公司及旅行社的效益影响尚不明确。本文首先建立“政府-邮轮公司-旅行社”三阶段主从博弈模型,以研究两种激励政策对两企业运营决策的作用机理,并给出政府在最大化市场需求目标下的最优激励政策。其次,借助数值仿真实验分析了不同情形下基于最优激励政策时市场需求和企业利润的变化。结果表明:站在政府角度,激励政策有两种选择——仅采取营销推广激励或者两种激励方式并存,而且最优激励设计受到补贴预算、旅行社营销推广能力及其岸上游收益的影响。站在旅行社角度,作为激励政策的直接受益方,其定价与营销努力决策会受到两类激励方式的不同影响;而对于营销推广能力较强的旅行社,可以依赖于政府奖励适当提高船票价格,以改善当前国内邮轮市场的低价竞争。站在邮轮公司角度,即使自身没有直接得到激励资金,其仍能间接获得激励政策所带来的红利。研究结论可为政府的邮轮旅游激励政策的设计提供理论参考,并为邮轮公司与旅行社在面对政府财政干预时提供决策建议。     

The representation of Mongolia in contemporary travel writing: imaginative geographies of a travellers' frontier

This article analyses the representation of Mongolia in five works of travel writing published since the fall of the country's communist regime in 1990. It argues that this travel writing is characterized by a discourse that generates and circulates an ‘imaginative geography’ of Mongolia as a ‘travellers' frontier’. Support for this argument is derived from highlighting sets of collective, cohesive representations, performances and speaking positions that crosscut the works studied. It is maintained that these have the effect of naturalizing a very particular conceptualization of Mongolia as a frontier destination in the age of globalization and mass tourism. This research adds to an established body of geographical scholarship on travel writing, but departs from it by considering contemporary works rather than ones from the colonial period. In doing so it attempts to illustrate the relevance of contemporary travel writing as an object of study for geographers seeking to explore the anatomy of today's imaginative geographies, which have clear links to, but are not entirely mediated by, the discourses that characterize colonial travel writing.     

From town to town: how commercial travel connected manufacturers and markets during the industrial revolution

Positioning itself with regards to debates on the role of regionalization in the industrial revolution and on consumer and retailing revolutions, this paper uses the records of John Shaw, hardware factor of Wolverhampton, to examine how commercial travel created real spatial interactions across the industrializing economy of northern England in the period 1810–15. The paper argues that by integrating production and consumption, commercial travel played a vital part in advancing and reconciling the concurrent but apparently conflicting processes of economic regionalization and economic integration that characterized the period. Empirically, the paper contributes original data indicating concrete patterns of interaction across the space economy of early nineteenth century northern England in terms of both ‘routes’ and the intensity of interactions. The empirical material also allows for discussion of customer identities, the structure of geographically dispersed commodity chains and regional variations, if any, the nature of customer relationships.     

Travel Writing,Ethnography, and the Colony-Centric Voyage of the Jesuit Relations from New France

This article argues that the Jesuit Relations, commonly read as the accounts of daring French travelers to the New World in the seventeenth century, must also be understood in light of the colony-centric circulation of the texts. In a step that has never before been considered part of the process through which the Relations collected and circulated information, some—and perhaps all—of the texts were sent back to Canada after being edited and published in Paris, giving Jesuits in the colony an opportunity to consult the published texts to see how they had been changed in France. This article focuses on two related areas of scholarship on the Relations that need re-evaluation in light of the colony-centric circulation of the texts: the status of the texts as travel writing, and as the premiere source of ethnographic data on the Amerindian groups that the missionaries encountered in Eastern Canada.     

身份认同与具身体验内在响应研究——以中国“同志”赴泰旅游为例

同性恋旅游正在成为一个全新的旅游细分市场,而身份认同作为中国“同志”在旅游过程中的自我认同和身份的确认,在旅游体验的获得上具有较为紧密的关联。身份认同与旅游具身体验的响应研究以中国“同志”赴泰旅游为例,通过16位中国“同志”旅游者五天四夜的赴泰旅游日记的撰写,并结合后续通过3位日记撰写受访者和6位赴泰旅游的受访者的深度访谈逐字稿进行访谈,探讨中国“同志”赴泰的身份认同与具身体验响应的内在关联研究。研究表明,中国“同志”赴泰旅游体验是实现身份认同和自我认同的具身性实践和反思,也是叙事性内容建构的过程,进而得出身份认同与旅游具身体验内在关联的叙事过程性空间模型。本研究将补足深化和拓宽亚洲“同志”的身份认同与具身体验的研究较少的现状,做了进一步的细分旅行者行为和心理的研究。     

国内游客行前信息搜索与目的地满意度评价研究——以黄山风景区为例

行前信息搜索是游客旅游决策过程的首要步骤之一,而信息则会进一步影响游客的系列消费行为及其满意度评价。本文在文献回顾的基础上,以黄山风景区为例构建了国内游客行前信息搜索测量量表和目的地游客满意度评价测量量表,并通过因子分析萃取出了上述量表的因子结构,通过独立样本T检验和事后多重比较法检验了游客行前信息搜索行为的组间差异、检验了游客对目的地满意度评价的组间差异。典型相关分析则发现,\"信息搜索的媒体导向\"、\"深入性信息\"、\"信息搜索的经验与中介导向\"和\"保健性信息\"等国内游客行前信息搜索因子与目的地游客满意度评价因子存在正相关关系,但游客对\"深入性信息\"、\"信息搜索的媒体导向\"的关注程度较为有限。基于上述检验与发现,文章提出了黄山风景区提高游客满意度的若干举措。     

基于活动空间的城市不同类型社区居民蓝绿空间品质差异研究

人本导向的动态蓝绿空间品质差异研究日益受到关注。本文从城市居住分异视角切入,以南京市单位小区、传统社区、城中村、保障房和商品房小区的不同收入人群为研究对象,考察其居住地、工作地、其他日常活动地点以及主要活动路径上的蓝绿空间品质,交叉对比不同类型社区和不同收入群体获得的蓝绿空间品质差异,进而研究蓝绿空间质量对居民环境感知的影响机制。研究表明,基于活动空间测度的不同社区类型居民蓝绿空间品质差异明显,但不同收入群体蓝绿空间品质差异不显著;活动路径的蓝绿空间要素比活动地点对居民环境感知的影响更大。     

Building communities to promote physical activity: A multi-scale geographical analysis

The objective of this paper is to make explicit the linkages between specific characteristics in the urban built environment, moderate physical activity (in particular walking and cycling), and public health. The review will take place at three different scales — the region, the city and the city‐block. At all three scales, the main interest is placed on accessibility, with the recognition that if distances are short enough and there is high connectivity within neighbourhoods, people might be encouraged to walk or cycle. The paper will draw on urban built environment characteristics from a number of Michigan municipalities, including Detroit, Ann Arbor, Birmingham, East Lansing and Okemos.     

生命历程视角下广州市居民日常出行的时空路径分析

作为一种研究方法,生命历程提供了一个概念框架旨在消弭宏观社会发展和个体生命成长之间的鸿沟,作为一种分析视角,生命历程展示了年龄在居民日常出行特征中所起到的重要作用。本文以广州市居民出行日志调查资料为基础,分析处于不同生命历程阶段中广州市居民的日常行为特征。研究结果表明,广州市居民的出行距离、花费时间和出行起始时间三个方面呈现出较为明显的生命历程特征,其中出现距离和花费时间随年龄变化呈现明显的\"M\"型曲线特征。在此基础上,文章以结婚和生小孩两个家庭性节点事件和住房体制改革等社会性节点事件为例,对出行生命历程的原因进行初步探讨。