南京市对外交通节点与酒店之间游客流动空间特征分析

利用旅游攻略数据,构建关系网络,探讨南京市对外交通节点与酒店之间游客流动这一特殊旅游流的空间特征,研究表明:1在节点方面,酒店的流入度、流出度和中心度均呈现出较为明显的圈层结构,高数值区域分布在城市中心的南北两端,外围区域数值较低,游客选择的酒店集中于夫子庙街道、健康路街道、梅园新村街道、玄武门街道;对外交通节点中,南京火车站中心度最高,铁路在南京旅游对外交通中作用突出。2在网络方面,随着流量阀值增加,整个网络的连通性不断增强,且流量分布更加均衡;核心对外交通节点与酒店集中分布街道在整个网络中起着重要的支配作用。3游客选择酒店并非集聚在对外交通节点周边,距离在酒店选择中所起作用不强,而与景点空间分布存在较强相关性。     

赛博空间视角下中国三大城市群网络特征——基于豆瓣跨城活动数据

随着全球化和信息化的推进,中国城市群内部联系成为区域研究的热点。本文以赛博空间为视角,以我国三大城市群城市的豆瓣同城数据为对象,通过点度分布、对称性、群集性和匹配性等指标对城市网络进行描绘与测度。实证研究显示:我国三大城市群的城市网络在赛博空间中呈现出多核心网络状的特征,北京、石家庄、天津、上海、杭州、南京、广州和深圳分别成为城市群中的枢纽或者次枢纽城市。高等级城市吸引人口集聚与跨越城市的联系增强的现象是同时存在的,一般城市在互动型活动上凭借其城市特色,同样吸引周边城市的关注。研究最后针对不同层级城市的活动容纳特征提出了相关规划建议。     

西安市交通网络综合通达性研究

以西安市交通网络数据为数据源,利用GIS空间分析技术,选取道路密度、道路服务指数、路网连接度和可达性模型四个指标对西安市交通网络的空间形态、空间分布、距离关系进行多角度分析,并在此基础上,构建了综合评价指标,分析了西安市主城区四级城市道路网络的通达性现状。结果表明:西安市的道路交通网络通达性呈现明显的空间分异,受历史因素、经济政策及自然环境等因素的影响,其通达性空间格局呈现典型的单中心多圈层结构,位于市中心的区域通达性最好,并在北,西,西南,南,东五个方向延展,这五个方向通达性递减幅度较小。研究对西安市交通网络的优化和扩展有一定指导作用,对城市交通网络布局和通达性分析评价进行了一定改进。     

县域尺度下交通对乡村聚落景观格局的影响研究——以宿州市埇桥区为例

聚落景观格局及其影响因子的研究历来是乡村地理学研究的热点,而交通对聚落的空间分布格局影响日益加深。以皖北的埇桥区为研究对象,基于土地利用现状图,运用GIS技术和景观分析软件,在县域尺度定量分析不同类型、不同等级交通对乡村聚落景观格局的影响。结果表明:交通运输用地是乡村聚落景观斑块之间和乡村聚落景观与其它类型景观进行物质和信息传递的景观廊道;乡村聚落景观面积和交通运输用地面积在数量上存在正相关关系;交通是影响乡村聚落景观格局的重要因子,且不同类型、不同等级的交通与乡村聚落景观空间分布的相关性不同;国道、省道和县道与乡村聚落景观空间分布有正相关性,铁路、高速公路和农村道路与乡村聚落景观分布则呈负相关。     

基于TOD策略的旅游新区公共交通系统规划方法——以阳宗海风景区为例

公共交通系统是旅游新区建设与发展的重要交通保障,科学的公共交通系统规划能够充分满足游客与内部居民的出行需求,并引导旅游新区空间布局的良性发展。为实现旅游新区交通的可持续发展与区域景点间的和谐互动,分析了旅游新区公共交通系统的发展需求。将TOD理念引入旅游新区公共交通系统规划,从现状调查、需求分析、方案设计、方案评价与方案实施等具体层面,设计了基于TOD策略的旅游新区公共交通系统规划流程。以昆明阳宗海风景名胜区为实例,在区域公共交通现状与公共交通需求分析的基础上,结合区域发展目标详细探讨了公交系统的规划模式,并对公交规划方案进行了评估。结果表明:基于TOD策略的旅游新区公共交通系统规划方法能够支持旅游新区用地布局和旅游业发展,并提高旅游新区公共交通系统出行的便捷性、舒适性和满意度。     

'Globalizing' regional development: a global production networks perspective

Recent literature concerning regional development has placed significant emphasis on local institutional structures and their capacity to 'hold down' the global. Conversely, work on inter-firm networks – such as the global commodity chain approach – has highlighted the significance of the organizational structures of global firms' production systems and their relation to industrial upgrading. In this paper, drawing upon a global production networks perspective, we conceptualize the connections between 'globalizing' processes, as embodied in the production networks of transnational corporations, and regional development in specific territorial formations. We delimit the 'strategic coupling' of the global production networks of firms and regional economies which ultimately drives regional development through the processes of value creation, enhancement and capture. In doing so, we stress the multi-scalarity of the forces and processes underlying regional development, and thus do not privilege one particular geographical scale. By way of illustration, we introduce an example drawn from recent research into global production networks in East Asia and Europe. The example profiles the investments of car manufacturer BMW in Eastern Bavaria, Germany and Rayong, Thailand, and considers their implications for regional development.     

Leaders in Thinking,Laggards in Attention? Bureaucratic Engagement in International Arenas

Frameworks that examine policy subsystems, networks, and coalitions view bureaucracies as part of the mix of policy actors that advocate policy positions in both domestic and international arenas. However, few examine bureaucracies as independent actors and how they exercise influence distinct from other pressure groups. The ways in which domestic bureaucracies engage in the international environment is woefully under examined, with only a few studies examining how domestic bureaucrats affect decision making in the international arena. However, it is not unreasonable to posit that bureaucratic engagement in the international arena may have political implications in the domestic sphere. Building on examinations of bureaucratic autonomy, this research queries the ways in which domestic bureaucracies can interact in the international arena to "change agendas and preferences" of domestic political actors. While it finds that attention to developing an international reputation can enhance political leverage at home, it may do so at a cost to domestic programs if insufficient attention is given to domestic aspects of the organization's mission. Nevertheless, as attention lurches from one arena to another, policy change is facilitated by the politically powerful resources of an international reputation in expertise, active engagement in the international policy community, and broadly based support for programmatic change.     

Vertical Politics in Horizontal Policy Networks: Framework Setting as Coupling Arrangement

Horizontal governance arrangements potentially conflict with the very principles of the representative democracy and its political institutions. This conflict manifests itself in the interaction between representatives and the executive power: Although the former has the formal power to decide upon policies and to check their implementation, the latter participates in horizontal networks and therefore has more resources to influence the content, evolvement, and outcomes of the policy process. This erodes the power position of representatives. Framework setting is commonly suggested as an arrangement for representatives to enhance their grip on policy processes. The authors of this contribution examine the effects of framework setting as coupling mechanism between horizontal networks and vertical politics in six policy processes in a Dutch province. Based on network theory and research findings, they suggest redefining the concept of framework setting in order to make it more attuned to the complex, interdependent, and dynamic nature of policymaking in networks.     

出行者对城市交通与高铁站接驳的感知评价——以苏州市为例

利用问卷调查数据,采用单因素方差分析方法,分析了苏州出行者对公交车、私家车、出租车、地铁和旅行大巴五种与高铁接驳的城市交通方式的感知需求。研究发现:①出行者对苏州市城市交通与高铁站接驳整体感知处于中等水平,其中对苏州市公交车满意度最高,其次为出租车、私家车和地铁,最后为旅行大巴;②不同人口学特征群体对不同城市交通方式与高铁站接驳感知存在差异,并存在对应规律,其中,性别与价格、年龄与便捷性、职业与社会性、月收入与外部设施建设、出行目的与时间性以及出行频率与线路设计存在对应关系。最后,根据城市交通与高铁站接驳存在的问题提出改善城市交通的相关建议。     

公交站点可达性测度及其在停车分区中的应用

考虑公交与小汽车方式间的可达性差异,提出了依据公交服务水平调控小汽车可达性的停车分区思路,以期实现对小汽车方式的合理限制,支持城市公交优先发展。首先根据居民出行对不同类型公交站点具有不同可达性需求,将以需求点为圆心、站点时空可接近距离为半径的覆盖范围作为基本分析单元,构建基于微观个体时空约束下的公交站点可达性测度模型。其次借助ArcGIS,以昆明市公交网络数据为基础,对站点可达性空间分布特征进行可视化分析,所得结果与城市用地开发整体特征相吻合,验证了模型的合理性。最后以公交可达性水平为主要依据划分停车供给分区,从而对不同分区停车泊位供给的科学配置提供支撑。