Dr. H.F. Verwoerd en die Ossewa-Brandwag 1938–1952

Abstract

South Africa's railway and harbours operator (SAR&;H) was the arch promoter of overseas tourism to South Africa for thirty years after Union in 1910. To its package tours for independent inbound tourists, the SAR&;H added exclusive port-to-port rail trips across South Africa by partnering with overseas cruise ship operators. Whereas the European market was a mainstay, the more distant North American market only became accessible in relation to lengthy round-the-world cruises. Between 1926 and 1939 approximately fifty long-distance luxury trains met thirty-one cruise liners to transport some 5,000 wealthy tourists through various inland scenic, cultural and wildlife attractions in southern Africa. Port calls by visiting cruise liners created their own spectacle and stir. Eventually more cruise passengers elected to stay on board ship at the end of long ocean voyages, elite visitors took cross-country flights to increase the novelty of travel, and this first period of South African sea-rail tourism came to a close.     

基于旅游者视角的目的地品牌权益测量模型：以皖南国际旅游区为例

本研究基于旅游者的视角构建旅游目的地品牌权益测量模型,并使用来自中国的经验数据对其进行检验和修正。研究发现：旅游目的地品牌权益包括4个维度：品牌知晓、品牌形象、品牌质量、品牌忠诚。其中,品牌知晓是品牌权益的基本来源,对品牌形象和品牌质量有显著直接影响;品牌形象是品牌权益的最重要维度,显著影响品牌质量和品牌忠诚;品牌质量显著影响品牌忠诚;品牌忠诚是品牌权益的核心概念,是品牌建设追求的重要目标。     

“赛中会”型会议旅游者的综合形象感知及行为意向研究——以2011年深圳FISU学术大会为例

利用大型体育赛事进行旅游目的地形象的建设与营销推广已经成为国际上一个流行的趋势.本文以2011年深圳世界大学生运动会为例,就大会期间举行的FISU学术大会与会者的旅游动机、综合形象感知以及后续旅游意向等之间的关系进行了探索性研究.双变量相关及多元线性回归分析的结果显示：（1）与会者的旅游动机不仅与学术大会本身有显著的关系,同时还会对更大范围内的赛事以及整个目的地认知形象产生更大的影响作用;（2）受大运会作为特定时空范围内的“中心事件”的影响,与会者对赛事的认知形象可以对目的地情感形象以及后续的目的地旅游意向产生作用;同时,会议型旅游者对深圳市作为旅游目的地整体形象的认知也多集中在“节事”这个维度,并进而对目的地情感形象以及旅游行为意向产生显著影响.本文的研究结果对大型体育赛事举办地发展事件旅游有一定的借鉴意义.     

Fair Isle: half a century of change

ABSTRACT

Fair Isle is one of the best known of the Scottish islands having given its name to a shipping forecast region and to an internationally known style of knitting patterns and also because it has a world renowned bird observatory, and is the most remote of the inhabited British islands. Over the last five decades it has experienced major changes in its economic and social fabric, reflecting the influences of both endogenous and exogenous forces. This paper reviews and interprets those changes, utilising two surveys made fifty years apart using the same survey instrument and the same methodology in order to provide a basis for a consistent comparison. The paper discusses the changes that have taken place in agricultural practices, in infrastructure, in the economic base and the successful stabilisation of population numbers, and in tourism to the island, which reflect changes in ownership of the island and the impacts of North Sea development and local government re-organisation.     

On National Heritage,Grand Narratives,and ‘Making History Fun’: Founders’ Hall,Prince Edward Island and the Story of Canada

Cities in developed countries are increasingly challenged by the advent of a global economy that mandates generating creative images of their cities. Meanwhile, it is argued in this study that globalisation, and its Arabic version of Dubaisation, is affecting the sustainability of cities as distinguished destinations because urban representation is influenced not only by ‘standardised global cliché’ but also by ‘standardised local images’ that transforms local cultures into contested heritage as it intensifies an official and civic nexus. The paradox is examined in Jordan, specifically the famously branded ‘city of mosaic’ – Madaba, where the state government is currently competing for attracting international investments and tourism development to achieve neoliberal urban restructuring. Urban heritage representation has been subject to passive dominant official discourse that rests upon orthodox mosaic practices of remote past – a praxis that is not necessarily endorsed by civic Ahl elbalad. The local mosaic heritage has hitherto been transformed into a competing culture that fosters heritage dualities and challenges the internal implications of heritage representation with its elevated feelings of alienation, disempowerment, gentrification and socio-cultural exclusion. A theoretical framework has been suggested for an alternative civic-orientated heritage revival that allows reconciliation between the official/civic nexus yet meanwhile stimulates creative urban images and identities. Other insights are also considered in the study.     

Interpreting umeewarra mission

Abstract

Indigenous occupation of Australia for at least the last 60,000 years, was followed by European settlers in 1788. Christian missions and government reserves established at this time, often removed Aboriginal children from their parents, families and land. These children are ‘the Stolen Generation’. One such mission was Umeewarra Mission at Port Augusta in South Australia, which was established by the Brethren church in the 1930s and operated until recently. Some of the former children who were raised at the Mission have established a committee, the Umeewarra Nguraritja (meaning ‘place’ or ‘home'), to oversee the Mission site. The Umeewarra Nguraritja wants to establish an Interpretive Centre to tell the Aboriginal and missionary history of the Mission. It needs to preserve and interpret the mission culture in a way which maintains the integrity of that history and presents the material culture, the oral histories and stories from former children of the mission, sensitively to visitors. This paper reports on the research process being used for strategic planning of site management and interpretation. The paper addresses in particular the need for the researchers to be sympathetic to both indigenous and missionary cultures, playing both supportive and leadership roles in order to give something back to the ‘stolen generation’.     

Hotel design in British Mandate Palestine: Modernism and the Zionist vision

From the early 1920s through the 1930s, an important yet forgotten avant-garde architectural phenomenon developed in the Zionist community of British Mandate Palestine. In cities and resort regions across the country, several dozen modernist hotels were built for a new type of visitor: the Zionist tourist. Often the most architecturally significant structures in their locales and designed by leading local architects educated in some of Europe's most progressive schools, these hotels were conceived along ideological lines and represented a synthesis of social requirements, cutting-edge aesthetics, and utopian national ideals. They responded to a complex mixture of sentiments, including European standards of modern comfort and the longing to remake Palestine, the historical homeland of the Jewish people, for a newly liberated, progressive nation. This article focuses on Jerusalem's most ambitious modernist hotel, the Eden Hotel, to evaluate how the architecture of tourism became a political and aesthetic tool in the promotion of Zionist Palestine.     

论系统关系中的旅游产品开发管理

由经营组织、消费市场和产品构架所组成的旅游系统,彼此所构成的是两种主客体关系：经营组织和产品构架之间的关系;消费市场和产品构架之间的关系。其间,产品构架处于中介地位。如果说,产品开发是旅游发展战略的一个重要环节,那么,就必须从系统整合的观念出发,围绕产品精心处理上述两种关系。从管理角度审视,产品设计上,必须注重内容决定形式;产品生产上,必须注意强化经营组织消费市场的能动驾驭作用;产品筹划上,必须以市场为导向进行周密细致的计划和预测;产品营销上,必须确立消费市场使产品价值由可能变成现实的观念。”     

Interpretive walks: advancing the use of mobile methods in the study of entrepreneurial farm tourism settings

This article draws on the application of interpretive walks in a socio‐geographical study of tourism‐oriented entrepreneurial activity on multi‐generational family farms in New Zealand. We highlight the great potential this method holds for tourism researchers interested in the ways tourist spaces are produced in processes of place‐making. Mobile methods have been a feature of qualitative field research in several disciplines for some time, particularly in cultural geography with its emphasis on human interactions in and with landscapes. The interpretive walk, known also as the walking interview, has been applied mainly in urban neighbourhood, health, transport, and housing research, where it has proven very useful for revealing human connections to place that have been difficult to elicit using stationary face‐to‐face interviews. This article is one of the few that reports on the use of the method in a farm tourism setting. It is also one of few applied studies seeking to understand the local geographies of farm tourism and their connections to the farm site as both family home and place of primary production. The method is characterised as an effective tool for navigating and interpreting the socio‐spatial settings in which new rural tourism ventures emerge, evolve, and are embedded. The approach allows for unexpected encounters with spatial practices and strategies, projects, and objects, behind which lie stories of changing human relationships with the land, economy, and community, and of the exigencies of everyday life that are less readily unearthed using conventional interviews.     

微观权力视角下的游船空间解读

研究以米歇尔·福柯（Michel Foucault）的微观权力学说为理论基础,收集了多元文本/话语资料,采用批评话语分析为研究方法,对珠江广州城区段上的游船空间进行解读。研究发现：①游船空间权力的对象转变促使新的权力文化的诞生,游船空间中物的使用价值让位于符号价值;②游船空间的分层体现出类型学秩序,座位的排列则渗透着等级性秩序,由此生产出不同性质的社会空间及社会关系;权力对时间的分解及序列化,确保能最大限度地使用稍纵即逝的时间来创造利润;话语的编织及渗透,形成了一种强大的心理控制场;对身体的安置,能提升权力支配及管理的效率。最后,微观权力视角下的游船空间,体现出的是资本与权力在空间中相互串谋而引发的旅游空间异化。