基于旅游者凝视的后发型旅游地文化认同与文化再现

后发型旅游地是在欠发达地区,旅游业起步较晚,准备不充分,在资金、技术、人力资源、客源市场、基础设施等方面处于相对不利地位的旅游目的地,在旅游发展初期,旅游者的凝视会对旅游地文化产生重要影响。旅游者凝视理论为分析后发型旅游地文化认同与文化再现提供了理论依据。通过对泸沽湖景区旅游者问卷调查并运用主成分分析法发现旅游者凝视的主要对象为:特色民俗文化、仪式性文化、母系氏族文化、自然景观,且以人文景观为主。对居民的问卷调查和非结构式访谈发现旅游者凝视对提高居民文化认同和文化自豪感、强化"摩梭人"族群认同、建构旅游地文化再现具有重要影响,也在一定程度上改变了文化的真实性,而政府引导性文化再现在提升泸沽湖旅游形象的同时,使得文化再现表现出秩序化、可持续的发展趋势。     

区域旅游业竞争力:二维度分析模型

本文在对区域旅游业竞争力现有研究进行回顾和评述的基础上,结合区域旅游业发展的实践和竞争力发展特征,构建起了区域旅游业竞争力的二维度分析模型,并对模型建构的思路和内容进行了分析和探讨。     

我国都市旅游发展的产业政策研究——上海问题与国际经验

本文在对上海浦东新区旅游饭店、旅行社、旅游景区点、会展公司、邮轮公司、海关、旅游行业协会与上海签证处等单位进行深入调查基础上,研究了浦东与上海在发展都市旅游产业政策方面存在的问题及国际都市旅游产业政策的成功经验,并运用产业经济学与公共经济学的理论针对存在问题,参照国际经验,提出了我国都市旅游产业政策体系构建与完善的建议。     

奥运会对北京旅游的排挤效应及河南旅游的机遇与对策

旅游业是2008年北京奥运会最大的经济受益点,无论在奥运设施建设期间还是比赛期间来京旅游的人数都会大幅度增长,北京旅游市场将出现“过饱和”状态,奥运会对北京旅游的“排挤效应”也会凸现出来。本文认为,北京奥运会期间应该适当分散在京的国内外游客,以避免该时段因北京旅游市场过于拥挤而产生负面影响。本文进而提出,河南省应该利用奥运会对北京旅游的“排挤效应”,制定相应对策,发展本省旅游业。     

今村昌平的影像世界——以《楢山节考》、《鳗鱼》为中心

今村昌平是日本电影界颇具影响的导演之一。其影片《楢山节考》、《鳗鱼》曾相继两次荣获戛纳国际电影节金棕榈奖。在今村昌平精心营造的影像世界里,无论是他早期拍摄的作品《无止境的欲望,》还是巅峰之作《楢山节考》片中阿玲婆的“参拜楢山,”以至于《鳗鱼》片中杀人犯的“心理障碍”等镜像,无一不承载着导演对生命、人性的历史与哲学的拷问,其影像背后蕴涵着深邃的哲理命题和民族文化之精神献祭。     

The Canary in the Coalmine: Australian Ski Resorts and their Response to Climate Change

The Australian ski industry represents a ‘canary in the coalmine’. Globally, it is one of the first and most visibly impacted industries by the risk of climate change. This study explores the perceptions of people associated with the operations of ski resorts in south‐eastern Australia. It was hypothesised that ski resorts, given the value of their assets, would anticipate and respond to the threat of climate change. The responses demonstrate how representatives of the Australian ski industry perceive climate change issues, and the measures that are being taken to address this issue at particular resorts. These responses provide insights into how other firms and industries might respond to the biophysical impacts of climate change. Using in‐depth interviews, the study compares the perceptions and responses of resort managers and government representatives with those from previous studies. The analysis draws on and improves the model of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and its development as a policy framework for adaptation. The major findings of this study are that a physical meltdown may not lead to a financial meltdown, that business responses to climate changes are more varied than has been represented in the literature to date and that the tension between competing firms on the one hand and industry cooperation on the other strongly influences the types of response that may develop.     

旅游虚拟社区参与者行为倾向形成机理实证分析

旅游虚拟社区能够满足参与者的多种需求,由其促生的自助式组团旅游也成为常见的旅游现象。本文研究表明,旅游虚拟社区能够提供给参与者显著的功能收益和心理收益,影响这些主观收益产生的因素包括虚拟空间中的人际关系、信息内容和社区平台自身的属性。参与者对旅游虚拟社区的价值感知会导致其出现持续参与和结伴旅游等后续行为。因此社区建设需要从信息提供、环境塑造和规则设计等入手,强化参与者的感知有用性和凝聚力,进而产生忠诚行为,同时旅游企业也应积极介入到旅游虚拟社区中并加以创新使用。     

宁波东钱湖旅游度假区旅游意象定位研究——旅游文化设计探索系列

本文立足于区域旅游意象文化设计,通过本土地脉、文脉、人脉梳理和市场潜能分析,采用了“财智”作为东钱湖旅游度假区旅游意象的主题定位,并将其纳入适销对路的产品（项目）架构之中。本文认为,“意”与“象”呼应互动应成为旅游文化设计的基本技术路线。     

We Branded Ourselves Long Ago: Intangible Cultural Property and Commodification of Fijian Firewalking

ABSTRACT The Fijian firewalking ceremony (vilavilairevo), traditionally performed only by members of the Sawau people on the island of Beqa, is a prime example of a propitiation ritual that has become commodified to suit the requirements of tourism. The Sawau ‘gift’ of walking on white‐hot stones introduces another dimension of the gift practice. Although gifts and commodities are often treated as ideal‐type opposites, and a tradition of Melanesian scholarship has focused attention on the inalienability of gifts, I argue that the self‐consciously traditional firewalking practice of Beqa Island, Fiji, is an inalienable sui generis commodity that becomes effective by ‘branding’ Fijian concepts of different places' distinct custodianships. Over the last two centuries, the gift of firewalking has transmuted itself into a sociocultural tool that has consistently indigenized the power of the foreign. The gift of firewalking has allowed its custodians to locally sustain their community, to gain a reach and respect across the nation and beyond, and to intensify the group's social sentiment and social capital.     

‘Whore-friendly people’: heritage tourism,the media and the place of sex work in Butte,Montana

In 1997, the International Sex Workers Foundation for Arts, Culture and Education (ISWFACE) began the process of purchasing a historic parlor house brothel (the Dumas) in Butte, Montana to create a cultural center and museum. This business transaction drew national and international attention while Butte citizens questioned the presence of ISWFACE in their community. Using media accounts of the Dumas, I examine the framing of sex work and its place in the heritage tourism landscape of the American West. The case of the Dumas captures the complicated relationship between history, a community, tourism and the media on local as well as national/international levels. Sex work is part of the historical landscape of the American West, but is fading from view as communities actively shape their public image, erasing this element from their landscapes.