Representation as work in ‘America's most historic city’

This paper examines how the practices of heritage tourism reproduce identities in and of Fredericksburg, Virginia. In particular, we focus on the everyday practices of tourism workers who are essential in the representation and reproduction of this heritage space. In so doing, we want to move away from research in geography that theorizes representation and embodiment as distinct realms of experience and inquiry. Instead, we argue that representation is work and within this very material process, city workers weave memory with history as they guide visitors through ‘America’s Most Historic City'. Through an examination of three of Fredericksburg's tourism work environments we show how representations succeed in reproducing heritage tourism spaces precisely because representation is work.     

Florida’s Underwater Archaeological Preserves: Public Participation as an Approach to Submerged Heritage Management

Abstract

Florida waters are home to the remains of such diverse watercraft as galleons, freighters, sailing yachts, steamboats, and prehistoric canoes. Managing these resources, especially regarding questions of access versus preservation, can be a daunting task. Florida’s Underwater Archaeological Preserves programme is an experiment in public participation to further both the awareness and the preservation of submerged heritage through site conservation and interpretation, incorporating various stakeholders during each step in the process. The logic in Florida’s Preserves programme is that an involved public given free access to a shipwreck site can be an ingredient for, instead of a hindrance to, preservation. Although one of several programmes worldwide, the concept that sets Florida’s Underwater Archaeological Preserves programme apart is its use of public involvement to promote education that fosters attitudes of conservation and preservation. If the public feels a share as stakeholders in the preservation of their maritime heritage, then submerged cultural resources will be more effectively protected.     

“真实性”理论语境下的历史街区研究——以北京什刹海和南锣鼓巷地区为例

旅游、遗产学界对于“真实性”的讨论是近些年的热点专题之一，其研究的主要议题围绕着旅游主体的体验真实与旅游客体真实之间的关系而展开。本文在梳理以往真实性理论及现有研究成果的基础上，选择北京什刹海和南锣鼓巷地区作为研究案例地，通过理论应用分析、网络文本数据分析方法，尝试在“真实性”理论语境下，梳理区域内历史文化资源，分析不同真实性理论下的区域游客真实性感知和体验，并在此基础上，讨论历史街区的真实性重建与形象重构问题。通过本文的研究，认为什刹海及南锣鼓巷地区，其旅游真实性问题是立体且综合的，不同种类的旅游资源适合用不同的真实性视角来解读。     

战争纪念馆游客旅游动机对体验的影响研究——以南京大屠杀纪念馆为例

本文设计了“学习及好奇”、“责任与义务”、“社会因素”、“个人情感体验”、“教育体验”5个潜变量,构建了战争纪念馆游客旅游动机对体验影响的结构关系模型,并以国家4A级旅游区南京大屠杀纪念馆为例,探讨了此类旅游动机对体验的作用机理。研究结果表明：（1）“责任与义务”是游客访问战争纪念馆的主要动机,也是与传统旅游的根本区别之一,与“个人情感体验”及“教育体验”有较高的路径系数（0．97,0．48）;（2）被动地参观战争纪念馆不利于游客体验的提高,从市场营销角度看,应该强调游客积极主动的参与,强调游客“责任与义务”方面的动机;（3）游客参观南京大屠杀纪念馆几乎没有对死亡感兴趣的动机,因此战争纪念馆旅游不完全属于黑色旅游研究范畴;（4）旅游动机及体验是区分特殊兴趣旅游的主要标志,未来需从特殊兴趣旅游（如战争纪念馆旅游）角度进一步探索旅游体验的本质。     

旅游目的地忠诚度：一个历时态的概念模型

本文在对国外相关文献中旅游目的地忠诚度概念及其测量维度进行系统梳理的基础上,从目的地忠诚度形成的阶段性和动态性出发,构建了一个基于历时态视角的旅游目的地忠诚度概念模型。在厘清了态度、意向、行为和累积行为忠诚度的概念、形成过程及影响关系后,本文认为,旅游目的地忠诚度是一个由多个忠诚度维度构成的阶段性变量,在时间上呈现为一个周期性的连续演进过程。     

旅游产业集聚会影响地区收入差距吗？——基于中国省际面板数据的门槛回归分析

本文利用中国30个省市区1999年～2009年面板数据,分别从线性和非线性两个角度实证检验了旅游产业集聚对地区收入差距的影响,估计结果显示：一方面,旅游产业集聚对地区收入差距具有显著线性负向影响效应;另一方面,通过构建非线性面板门槛模型,进一步检验了旅游产业集聚对地区收入差距影响效应的门槛特征,具体而言,旅游产业集聚对地区收入差距负向影响效应不仅存在基于旅游产业集聚的单一门槛特征,而且也存在基于经济发展水平、基础设施建设与产业结构升级的三重门槛特征。     

基于多层次灰色方法的旅游地产项目开发风险评价模型及实证研究

旅游地产是将旅游业和房地产两大产业融合而衍生出的一种新型地产开发模式,目前已经引起各地政府的高度重视,但在实际的开发与运行中存在着很大的风险性。因此本文对于旅游地产项目的开发风险从量化的角度进行分析评价,通过构建旅游地产项目开发风险的评价指标体系,以及采用主观的层次分析法与客观的变异系数法相结合的方法确定综合权重,以此建立起基于多层次灰色模型的旅游地产项目开发风险评价模型。并以A企业为例进行了实证研究,结果显示A企业的旅游地产项目开发风险处于一般风险与较低风险之间,适合进行项目的开发与投资。     

城市入境旅游景气指数构建研究——以北京为例

本文基于城市视角编制了旅游景气指数,并从理论上建立了包括先行指数、一致指数、滞后指数的旅游景气指数体系。本文以北京为例,运用月度数据编制了2007年-2012年入境旅游景气先行指数和一致指数,分析了在此期间北京入境旅游市场的波动情况及成因,揭示了先行指数和一致指数之间存在的时滞关系,以期为政府管理机构和旅游企业准确判断城市旅游业的发展并预测未来的动向、制定相关政策提供一定的依据。     

Indigenous Tourism and Processes of Resilience – About Communicative Strategies among Tourism Workers in Québec

ABSTRACT

Tourism is a well-known way of life for an increasing portion of the world's indigenous communities, and it has taken tortuous paths and undergone changes in approach and meaning.

Indigenous tourism is examined here within the theoretical framework of resilience, focusing on development, communication and justification. Men and women and their perspectives on space, time and spatial relations are the crucial agents in these processes. Based on an empirical study in Québec, Canada, we show that the impact of indigenous tourism includes networks within the local community at the regional and national levels, as well as translocal networks and relationships. Communicative processes are essential for achieving resilience, communicating identity within families and the community, and giving a voice to a political project. We argue that indigenous tourism works on several geographical levels and that these levels intersect and have the potential to increase resilience if they interact. Our study supplements resilience development theory by highlighting the need to consider communities as parts of networks. It also contributes to the field of tourism research by emphasising communication on several levels.     

Anthropology,Festival, and Spectacle

This article weaves together analyses of three recent books which, despite their being compiled primarily by scholars outside of the discipline of anthropology, make theoretical and methodological contributions useful to the anthropology of festivals and ritual, both religious and secular. These works demonstrate that spectacle has been ritualized into festive practices of modernity and identity in multiple places, times, and cultural contexts. Greater attention to how this works from a general anthropological perspective is needed.