少数民族文化旅游资源保护与产权合理安排

文章从目前少数民族文化旅游资源保护方式和存在的问题入手,认为仅仅以民俗博物馆、民族文化村和生态博物馆等方式来保护少数民族文化旅游资源的形式不能从根本上解决少数民族文化旅游资源开发中的保护问题。根据产权理论和文化资源的本质,文章提出解决少数民族旅游文化资源的保护应从产权合理安排方面着手,改变以往不合理的产权安排.论述了合理的产权安排能从本质上解决少数民族文化旅游资源在保护中存在的问题,是处理好民族文化旅游资源保护与经济发展之间的矛盾和冲突的基本前提。提出只有让少数民族在文化资源开发中得到最大的利益,成为自己资源的真正主人,才能从根本上激励他们合理保护自己的文化资源,使民族文化资源得以可持续利用。     

Touring as labour: mobilities and reconsideration of tour guiding in everyday life

Abstract

The research adopts the mobilities approach to examining the everyday experience of tour guides. Scholars tend to highlight guides as service providers and cultural brokers, whose activities and feelings seem to be subordinate to tourism consumption. In contrast, the research moves beyond the context of business and economy and seeks to resituate tour guiding in ordinary life. It draws on the ethnographic fieldwork in Sanya, a coastal city in south China, and adopts the methods of secondary data collection, interviews and participant observation for data generation. Specifically, the research scrutinises how tourism mobilities are embedded into the production of local guides’ daily practices, emotions and feelings. Tour guiding is characterised by movement/stillness, instability and contested meanings. On working days, guides travel with tourists between scenic sites, receiving unstable income. The mobile work greatly shapes their everyday rhythms, social networks, familial lives and identities. On jobless days, guides are likely to confine ordinary practices to residence and suffer from deep anxiety. Immobilities arouse their feelings of inability and worries about the future, thus lowering their expectations of career and personal development. The research problematises the idiosyncrasy of tour guiding and underscores its close relationship with the production of everyday practices and experience, thus giving a wider view on tourism work. In so doing, it also enriches our understanding of the complexity of tourism mobilities and contributes to the debate on the de-differentiation of tourism.     

武威出土西夏买地券背记符号考论

甘肃武威西郊西夏墓出土的乾祐十六年(1185)和廿三年(1192)两方买地券是研究西夏的丧葬文化,特别是为研究道教对西夏葬俗影响,提供了珍贵的实物资料。学术界对两方买地券的研究主要集中在券文的释录、格式、源流、文体以及葬俗等方面,对这两方买地券背面的朱书符号有所忽略。通过传世丧葬礼仪文献与出土买地券的互证,这两方买地券背面的朱书符号是在下葬过程的"斩草"仪式中,由祭官代替亡人与神灵在买地券上签字画押时使用的骑缝章式"合同"二字。它象征着冥契合同生效,墓地为"合法"之所,而非"盗葬",起到镇墓避邪之用。