体验经济时代下旅游项目设计与实证研究

体验性旅游项目设计包括纵向深度设计和横向整合设计。旅游项目纵向设计是深度挖掘单项旅游资源(或吸引物)潜力,实现单项旅游项目经济价值最大化。并就感官指数,时间指数,复杂指数,环节指数,互动指数,交叉指数,遗憾指数,惯性指数8个因子和23个指标提出其定量评价指标体系。旅游项目横向设计,即旅游线路设计,是在纵向设计基础上,对旅游项目在空间上、类型上进行全方位横向整合设计。并以贡嘎山海螺沟风景名胜区为例,在纵向与横向两度空间进行旅游项目体验性设计,为景区体验性旅游项目设计提供理论、方法和范例。     

试论先秦时期两种主要的契约形式:"傅别"与"质剂"

先秦时期,根据契约关系的性质,将借贷契约称为“傅别”,买卖契约称为“质剂”,两的格式稍有不同,但都是双方当事人协商一致而达成的书。其用途可作为诉讼时的依据、建立信用的保证以及政府的税收来源。当时政府对契约管理采取了积极的干预措施。     

邓小平"南方谈话"研究的回顾与思考

关于邓小平"南方谈话"的研究,从1992年至今取得了很多可喜的成果,并呈现出逐步深化的态势.研究之初的侧重点主要在于对其内容的梳理和分析,并联系现实问题与历史经验,着力澄清某些不清楚或不正确的观点,以推动思想解放之潮;研究中期的特点是联系实际来考察"南方谈话"的真理性,并上升到哲学高度阐释其内涵,进一步认识其在指导意义上的普遍性;2002年以来,研究的角度更加多样,研究的问题更加深入,既增加了"南方谈话"与"七一"讲话的比较研究,又对"南方谈话"历史地位及其重大意义的探讨有了理论上的新突破.今后的研究,应当在此基础上,进一步明确研究发展的基本动因,采取多种方法拓宽研究视角,并强化比较研究.     

From Indenture to “Good Governance”: eMigrate and the Politics of Reforming Global Labour Supply Chains

Contract substitution—in which workers sign one contract but end up working under another—is a common form of fraud faced by Indian low-wage migrant workers working in the Gulf Cooperation Council states. This paper presents a study of workers’ experiences of contract substitution alongside the eMigrate system, which is a digital registration system introduced by the Indian government in 2015. While a stated aim of eMigrate is to protect workers from contract fraud, these practices persist. We explore the colonial genealogies of eMigrate to show that not only has it adapted repertoires of worker protection inherited from the British Empire’s indenture system, but that eMigrate risks facilitating conditions of unfreedom under the mantle of worker protection, much as the British imperial state did during indenture. We contend that recognising how legacies of indentured labour regulation persist through eMigrate has implications for contemporary campaigns for migrant justice.     

Can MNCs promote more inclusive tourism? Apollo tour operator's sustainability work

ABSTRACT

Outbound tour operators are key actors in international mass tourism. However, their contribution to more sustainable and inclusive forms of tourism has been critically questioned. Drawing from new institutional theories in organization studies, and informed by the case of one of the largest Scandinavian tour operators, we examine the corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability work in large tour operators and the challenges faced in being more inclusive. On the basis of in-depth interviews with corporate officers, document analysis and media reports, we show how top-down coercive and normative pressures, coming from the parent company and the host society shape the ability of the daughter corporation to elaborate a more inclusive agenda. However, daughter companies do not merely comply with these institutional pressures and policy is also developed from the ‘bottom-up’. We show how the tour operator's sustainability work is also the result of organizational responses including buffering, bargaining, negotiating and influencing the parent organization. By creating intra and inter-sectoral learning and collaborative industry platforms, MNCs not only exchange and diffuse more inclusive practices among the industry, but also anticipate future normative pressures such as legislation and brand risk. Daughter organizations help shape their institutional arrangements through internal collaborative platforms and by incorporating local events and societal concerns into the multinational CSR policy, especially when flexible policy frameworks operate, and the corporate CSR agenda and organizational field are under formation. However, risks do exist, in the absence of institutional pressures, of perpetuating a superficial adoption of more inclusive practices in the mass tourism industry.     

Changing intergenerational contracts: gender,cohorts and elder care in central rural China, 2005–2013

In the absence of stable pension systems, elder care arrangements in rural China depend on intergenerational contracts. The existing scholarship on elder care in rural China tends to treat the elderly as a homogeneous group and depict them mainly as ‘care recipients’. Based on a diachronic qualitative study in central rural China between 2005 and 2013, this research examines the changing intergenerational contracts between two cohorts of rural elderly and their adult children. These cohorts hold different positions in terms of family structure, number and sex composition of adult children, living arrangement, physical situation, economic standing and appreciation of intergenerational exchange. These differences further produce different social exchange patterns and disparate elder care modalities between genders and cohorts. Drawing upon insights from gender theory on social gerontology, this research identifies the ‘agency’ of older rural women and explores ageing issues among older rural men. This study also presents policy implications by identifying the most disadvantaged group in terms of elder care support.     

近代天津会馆房地契约与诉讼习惯研究

近代天津各会馆因房地产交易而订立的种类多样的契约较具典型意义,显示了不同区域会馆土地买卖的状况。清代至民国,天津会馆房地交易的契约形式相对稳定,使得民间契约、习惯和国家法律之间并未产生很大的冲突。在近代天津解纷机制的实践中,官方与商民形成了一个相互配合支持的多层次的调解模式。尽管民间习惯具有极为重要的地位和作用,但在国家立法中,周密的法律规定和严格的执法方式,使国家法规与民间习惯的距离愈来愈大。这种状况直至民国终结都没有得到根本性的改变。     

汉代契约研究

契约在我国古已有之,至汉代随着商品经济的发展和民事交往的深入,契约的发展已相当完备。其种类之多、效应之强反映出契约的订立遍及民法债权的各个领域。汉代契约法学一社会学范畴,不仅具有严格的法律意义——体现在成立之时的必备要素、极强的法律效应和各种情况下契约的终止,而且它作为重要的社会现象,还蕴涵着极其深刻丰富的社会文化内涵,全息性地体现了汉代社会内部各个方面的互动关系。     

旅游合同与旅游者的精神损害赔偿

本通过我国《民法通则》和《合同法》有关条的扩张解释,旅游合同违约、精神损害赔偿制度的设想,以解决旅游合同中旅游的精神损害赔偿问题。     

基于ELES模型的城乡居民国内旅游消费结构实证分析

本文依据ELES理论,利用2002—2008年的数据,从边际消费倾向、消费投向、收入弹性及价格弹性四个方面对我国城乡居民国内旅游消费中的食、住、行、游、购、娱等9类消费的结构进行了实证分析,主要结论如下。（1）城镇居民的国内旅游边际消费倾向为0．0636,农村居民为0．1174;在9类单项旅游消费中,购物和其它服务的边际消费倾向最高,消费投向主要为购物、其它服务和长途交通。（2）农村居民各单项旅游消费需求的收入弹性均大于l,城镇居民基本旅游消费需求的收入弹性小于l,非基本旅游消费需求和餐饮消费需求的收入弹性大于1。（3）城乡居民各项旅游消费需求的自价格弹性较大,互价格弹性较小;城镇居民非基本旅游消费需求和餐饮消费需求的自价格弹性大于1,农村居民各项旅游消费需求的自价格弹性均大于1。