GENDERED SPACES ON TRIAL: THE INFLUENCE OF REGIONAL GENDER CONTRACTS ON IN‐MIGRATION OF WOMEN TO RURAL NORWAY

While the Nordic literature on rural migration and gender relations has usually focused on the push effects of a patriarchal or traditional gender culture on out‐migration of women, this article centres on the conjoint way in which regional gender contracts and female in‐migration shape one another. On the basis of survey data of women who migrated into Valdres, a rural area in Norway, as well as interview material, three ideal types of rural gender contracts are identified: traditional, modern and alternative. It is further demonstrated that women living by a traditional gender contract are more often attracted to Valdres than women living by modern and alternative gender contracts, and seemingly also tend to stay for a longer period of time. With the help of Halfacree's model of rural space, it is argued that the in‐migration of women serves just as much to sustain the region's traditional gender contract as to challenge it.     

旅游企业与旅游消费者心理契约的维度及其关系——基于8城市调查数据的实证研究

在回顾国内外心理契约研究成果的基础上,本文自制心理契约调查问卷,在成都、西安、昆明、重庆、深圳、杭州、上海和北京8个城市,针对在酒店、旅行社、餐饮等40家旅游企业中消费的1000名旅游消费者展开调查,旨在探讨旅游企业与旅游消费者之间的心理契约的维度及其关系。运用SPSS统计分析软件,对问卷的两个部分——＂旅游企业责任＂和＂旅游消费者责任＂分别进行探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,证实了旅游企业与旅游消费者心理契约是由交易型契约和关系型契约构成的二维结构的理论假设。最后,运用多元回归分析方法,分析了旅游企业与旅游消费者心理契约的两个维度之间的相互关系。     

契约印象:海归教师重塑高校课堂的跨文化分析

论文从社会学、教育学和行为心理学等多重角度,以契约意识为出发点,研究了海归教师在个人层面上所经历的外国文化适应和本国文化再适应——对比海归教师出国前后、回国前后对契约意识和行为的解读与实践,探索他们如何将契约意识融入到常规的教育教学活动中。研究发现,海归教师对国内课堂文化的再适应过程是有选择、有目的地保持在国外形成的理念和习惯的过程,也是积极借鉴异域文化、传播先进文化成果的过程;他们传授知识的同时还注重强化国内学生的契约观念,并在此基础上重塑大学课堂和校园文化。     

The Idea of the Social Contract in the History of ‘Agreementism’

One of the recurrent motifs in political thought is the idea of the social contract, according to which a society, a government, or moral principles depend for their existence on agreements between voluntary agents. This association between the social contract and “agreementism” implies that there is nothing about the terminology of contracts that distinguishes it from that of other types of agreements constitutive of normativity. This essay tests this assumption by surveying the terminology of the social contract and by proposing two hypotheses. The first is that all attempts at analysing the idea of the social contract require a formal conceptual frame of reference that is distinguishable from agreementism. The second is that social contract theories can be grouped into four trends, even if the authors of each of these trends are unable to form a coherent body of doctrine. These trends are the Iberian Catholic version of the Counter-Reformation; the Protestant individualist trend of the Enlightenment; the quasi-dialectical trend of the radical Enlightenment; and the contemporary trend of public morality.     

Natural Right and The Origin of Species

Abstract

This article concerns the relationship between Abraham Lincoln's natural right argument against slavery and contemporary Darwinian biology. It is frequently supposed that the latter undermines the former. I argue to the contrary that natural right has been rediscovered independently by modern Darwinian biology, and that it largely confirms Lincoln's understanding of human nature.     

契约与民生:清代徽州棚民长期存在之反思

明代以来进入徽州地区的外地棚民,利用当地丰富的自然资源,进行各种经济活动.在当时的社会条件制约下,此类经济活动耗费了大量的资源,破坏了徽州农村的生态环境,损害了地方和国家的利益.虽然清代微州民间和官方采取了不同措施以遏制生态环境恶化,但棚民开发在清代却长期存在.文章从契约和民生的角度分析认为,政府对契约法律效率的承认,百姓的生存以及谋利的需要,是清代徽州棚民长期存在、难以驱禁的两大重要原因.     

新世纪导游人才的需求与培养

本通过分析新世纪我国旅游业发展亟需大批高素质的导游人才,指出目前旅游高等教育在培养导游人才方面存在的问题和不足,进而提出新的建议和设想。     

跨文化旅游中文化相互作用的弹簧机制

为促进旅游的可持续发展,作者从文化方面着手,对跨文化旅游中文化相互作用机制进行初步研究。指出异质文化的魅力是催发旅游的根本动力之一。文化的多样性导致旅游目的地的多选择性。大规模旅游引发广泛的文化接触。而文化的相对独立性和矜持性使接触的两种异质文化的相互作用呈"弹簧机制"-接触-相持对抗-力的传导-文化的适用-接触。但经济作用的介入使"弹簧机制"发生变形。     

试论新开发旅游区的游客量预测分析

以神木县为例,探讨了在新开发旅游区的游客预测。由于缺乏长期历史数据,难以进行游客量预测。根据神木县实际情况,从定性和定量分析入手,采用引力模型、口粒子模型等方法进行预测,对公式中的变量及其参数采取类似项目比较法或专家打分等方法进行修正,最后得出神木县游客量,为同类地区旅游规划中游客量预测提供了参考。     

我国虚拟旅游网站的功能评价研究

随着虚拟现实技术的发展,越来越多的人开始享受虚拟旅游,虚拟旅游网站和其他网站的本质区别在于其所提供的虚拟旅游产品和服务,因此,虚拟旅游产品和服务的质量构成了网站的核心竞争力。本文选取具有代表性的虚拟旅游网站作为研究对象,在虚拟旅游和网站评价指标体系相关研究的基础上,建立虚拟旅游网站的评价指标体系,并采用内容分析法进行实证研究,以探究目前我国虚拟旅游网站的功能概况。研究结果显示:一方面,目前我国虚拟旅游网站界面功能结构不完整,主要表现为用户界面友好性低、更新不及时、交互性不强等问题。另一方面,就网站的虚拟旅游产品和服务而言,其内容较单调,对虚拟现实技术的应用不够深入,体验性设计不够,多数网站还处于对虚拟旅游产品和服务进行低水平开发的阶段。为此,笔者提出了相关建议,并对后续研究进行了展望。