六朝“游”的自觉与山水诗的兴起

随着人性的觉醒、文学的自觉,六朝进入“游”的自觉时代,“游”历活动逐渐成为一种时代潮流和自我实现的路径,并推动文人雅士沉潜山水、游心物外。本文分析了六朝山水诗“游”的核心要素、“游”的动态载体、“游”的最高境界、“游”的后世影响,并在此基础上剖析了六朝“游”的自觉与山水诗兴起的社会背景、内在需求与情感归属。研究显示六朝山水诗把审美体验融入诗歌创作中,“游的自觉”体现与山水诗篇创造共同推动了山水诗的兴起和中国山水旅游文化发展。     

国内旅游团利益相关者利益格局均衡发展模式探究

一直以来,很多学者和业内人士把国内旅游团＂旅游服务质量问题＂归结为导游的素质,并探索过多种改善途径,虽取得了一定成效,但仍未达到根本解决的目的.本文从＂利益相关者＂角度思考该问题,认为其症结主要在于各主体间利益关系的失衡,因此尝试通过构建国内旅游团利益相关者利益格局均衡发展模式来解决这一问题.     

Cesare Beccaria’s On Crimes and Punishments: the meaning and genesis of a jurispolitical pamphlet

At the heart of the criminal reform proposed in Cesare Beccaria’s 1764 Dei delitti e delle pene (On Crimes and Punishments) are the principles of penal parsimony derived from a precise interpretation of the social contract. Punishment, being no more than a necessary evil devoid of any intrinsic virtue, must serve no more than a preventative function to the smallest possible extent; its application strictly bound by the principle of legality. Beccaria’s criminal philosophy, therefore, attempts to drastically reduce the power of the penal institution. After recounting its principal aspects, this article seeks to propose a new interpretation of Beccaria’s theory from the perspective of its historical context. The Italian Enlightenment philosopher did not so much express indignation against the barbarism of the Milanese penal system, but rather instigate a rebellion against the political dominance of its patriciate, whose power had long been validated by its juridical functions. In this respect, Beccaria sought to combat the political hegemony of the jurists, concluding his treatise by excluding juridical thought from, and thus removing the intellectual foundations of, the practice of criminal law.     

旅游线路设计与优化中的运筹学问题

旅游线路设计问题是旅游规划研究中一个重要的问题,本文把运筹学的方法引入旅游研究,探讨旅游线路的优化设计问题。基于定量分析与定性分析相结合的认识,本文重点是展示运筹学方法、图论方法的应用潜力,而没有着力于具体的技术细节。     

美国城市旅游

美国城市旅游对我国发展都市旅游有借鉴意义。本介绍了美国在散客旅游方式、旅游交通、城市旅游资源开发、旅游宣传资料以及旅馆业经营方式方面的一些做法。     

Humphrey and Civil Rights: The Politics of Racial Progress

Abstract

This article explores and defends Leo Strauss's interpretation of Edmund Burke's thought. Strauss argues that Burke's conservatism is rooted in the modern empiricist school of John Locke and others. Following Strauss, this article sets out to consider the suitability of these foundational principles to conservative politics. Burke wants to temper or ennoble Lockean politics by inspiring sublime attachment to the political community and its traditions, but he shies away from stating universal standards according to which the traditions of political communities ought to be judged. This respect for reason in history without moorings in transcendent standards of reason or revelation leaves his conservatism on precarious ground.     

假日旅游高峰对旅游生态环境的破坏及对策分析

假日旅游带来的客流高峰对旅游生态环境造成多层次、多方面的破坏,本文对此进行了较为详尽的分析,并从时间分流、客源分流、信息分流、价格分流和景区分流等角度,对解决假日旅游高峰问题提出建议和措施.     

Refugees, repatriation and liberal citizenship

This article considers the meanings attached to refugeehood, repatriation and liberal citizenship in the twentieth century. Refugees are those who have been unjustly expelled from their political community. Their physical displacement is above all symbolic of a deeper political separation from the state and the citizenry. ‘Solving’ refugees’ exile is therefore not a question of halting refugees’ flight and reversing their movement, but requires political action restoring citizenship.All three ‘durable solutions’ developed by the international community in the twentieth century - repatriation, resettlement and local integration - are intended to restore a refugee's access to citizenship, and through citizenship the protection and expression of their fundamental human rights. Yet repatriation poses particular challenges for liberal political thought. The logic of repatriation reinforces the organization of political space into bounded nation-state territories. However, it is the exclusionary consequences of national controls over political membership - and through this of access to citizenship rights - that prompt mass refugee flows. Can a framework for repatriation be developed which balances national state order and liberal citizenship rights?This article argues that using the social contract model to consider the different obligations and pacts between citizens, societies and states can provide a theoretical framework through which the liberal idea of citizenship and national controls on membership can be reconciled.Historical evidence suggests that the connections in practice between ideas of citizenship and repatriation have been far more complex. In particular, debate between Western liberal and Soviet authoritarian/collectivist understandings of the relationship between citizen and state played a key role in shaping the refugee protection regime that emerged after World War II and remains in place today. Repatriation - or more accurately liberal resistance to non-voluntary refugee repatriation - became an important tool of Cold War politics and retains an important value for states interested in projecting and reaffirming the primacy of liberal citizenship values. Yet the contradictions in post-Cold War operational use of repatriation to ‘solve’ displacement, and a growing reliance on ‘state-building’ exercises to validate refugees’ returns demonstrates that tension remains between national state interests and the universal distribution of liberal rights, as is particularly evident when considering Western donor states’ contemporary policies on refugees and asylum. For both intellectual and humanitarian reasons there is therefore an urgent need for the political theory underpinning refugee protection to be closely examined, in order that citizenship can be placed at the centre of refugees’ ‘solutions’.