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951.
Koen Frenken Siebren Van Terwisga Thijs Verburg Guillaume Burghouwt 《Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie = Journal of economic and social geography = Revue de géographie économique et humaine = Zeitschrift für ?konomische und soziale Geographie = Revista de geografía económica y social》2004,95(2):233-242
Hub‐and‐spoke networks of airlines create entry barriers at large hub airports. As a result, deregulation does not necessary lead to more competition. In this paper, airline competition at European airports in the 1990s is analysed. Results show important differences between airports, which are related to size and geography. At most airports, competition increased with the successful entrance of new competitors. Yet, competition decreased at hub airports and at airports in the northern periphery in Europe. 相似文献
952.
Femke Daalhuizen Frank Van Dam Roland Goetgeluk 《Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie = Journal of economic and social geography = Revue de géographie économique et humaine = Zeitschrift für ?konomische und soziale Geographie = Revista de geografía económica y social》2003,94(5):606-615
The number of farms in the Netherlands is decreasing. As a result, many agricultural buildings are losing their original function and designation. This article describes the re‐use of former agricultural buildings by non‐agricultural entrepreneurs. These new activities imply changes to the rural landscape, rural economy and rural society, which can be valued both as positive and as negative outcomes. 相似文献
953.
Aharon Kellerman 《Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie = Journal of economic and social geography = Revue de géographie économique et humaine = Zeitschrift für ?konomische und soziale Geographie = Revista de geografía económica y social》2002,93(3):270-286
The Israeli extensive high‐tech industry is examined in the light of a model that presents the process chain from knowledge and capital formation through innovation and invention to production. The deeper roots for the Israeli high‐tech industry lie in Jewish cultural traits of scholastic learning and international communications, rather than in prolonged industrial development. Within a modern context, the industry based itself through a strong security accent, because of the Arab–Israeli conflict. The phases in the development of the Israeli high‐tech industry moved from the creation of a domestic base for R&D in information technology to a growing global one, blending between a leading domestic accumulation of knowledge, entrepreneurship, and limited capital on the one hand, and global capital and demands for technology on the other. The high‐tech industry and the services for its operation are centred on metropolitan Tel‐Aviv. 相似文献
954.
Guido Felholter Ronald Noppe 《Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie = Journal of economic and social geography = Revue de géographie économique et humaine = Zeitschrift für ?konomische und soziale Geographie = Revista de geografía económica y social》2000,91(3):237-247
The German discourse on the future role of the state is currently at the turn of the millennium is dominated by the joint paper by Tony Blair and Gerhard Schro¨der, ‘Europe: The Third Way/Die Neue Mitte’ (Blair & Schroüder 1999). Using the crisis of the post‐war Fordist mode of regulation as a background, various concepts of the restructuring of the State and society are discussed. This paper intends to show that the prevailing dominant social democratic restructuring discourse is rooted in a number of important elements in preceding conservative and neo‐liberal discourses about the future of society and the State. The notion of desolidarisation is identified as the common denominator of conservative and neo‐liberal approaches as well as the ‘Third Way’ (Neue Mitte). To cope with growing social inequality it is argued that only a new European political project that re‐animates solidarity and sustainability is viable. 相似文献
955.
Janet L. Smith 《Geografiska annaler. Series B, Human geography》2000,82(4):221-233
Sweeping changes in national policy aim to radically transform public housing in the United States. The goal is to reduce social isolation and increase opportunities for low income tenants by demolishing ‘worst case’ housing, most of which is modern, high‐rise buildings with high vacancy and crime rates, and replacing it with ‘mixed‐income’ developments and tenant based assistance to disperse current public housing families. Transformation relies on the national government devolving more decision‐making power to local government and public housing authorities. The assumption here is that decentralizing the responsibility for public housing will yield more effective results and be more efficient. This paper explores the problematic nature of decentralization as it has been conceptualized in policy discourse, focusing on the underlying assumptions about the benefits of increasing local control in the implementation of national policy. As this paper describes, this conceived space of local control does not take into account the spatial features that have historically shaped where and how low income families live in the US, including racism and classism and a general aversion by the market to produce affordable rental units and mixed‐income developments. As a result, this conceived space of local control places the burden on low income residents to make transformation a success. To make this case, Wittgenstein's (1958) post‐structural view of language is combined with Lefebvre's view of space to provide a framework in which to examine US housing policy discourse as a ‘space producing’ activity. The Chicago Housing Authority's Plan for Transformation is used to illustrate how local efforts to transform public housing reproduce a functional space for local control that is incapable of generating many of the proposed benefits of decentralization for public housing tenants. 相似文献
956.
Books reviewed: Mohamed Mohamed Salih, Environmental Politics and Liberation in Contemporary Africa Edward Malecki and Paäivi Oinas, Making Connections: Technological Learning and Regional Economic Change Won Bae Kim, Mike Douglass, Sang‐Chuel Choe and Kong Chong Ho, Culture and the City in East Asia Hans Gebhardt, Günter Heinritz and Reinhard Wiessner, Europa im Globalisierungsproze? von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft (51. Deutscher Geographentag Bonn 1997 Band 1) Klaus‐Achim Boesler, Günter Heinritz and Reinhard Wiessner, Europa zwischen Integration und Regionalismus (51. Deutscher Geographentag Bonn 1997 Band 4) Philip McCann, The Economics of Industrial Location: A Logistics‐Costs Approach P. Bonovero, G. Dematteis and F. Sforzi, The Italian Urban System: Towards European Integration Harald Baldershim and Krister Sta˚hlberg, Nordic Region‐Building in a European Perspective Ray Hudson, and Alan Williams, (eds) Divided Europe, Society and Territory 相似文献
957.
Les Wood 《Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie = Journal of economic and social geography = Revue de géographie économique et humaine = Zeitschrift für ?konomische und soziale Geographie = Revista de geografía económica y social》2000,91(3):263-277
Transfers of residential property between white, Indian, black and institutional buyers and sellers in Pietermaritzburg‐Msunduzi over a four‐month period in 1997 give a picture of changes in real estate ownership in a post‐apartheid South African city. Data shows a shift of ownership from white to other groups, with the size of the shift varying between suburbs and housing sub‐markets. Apart from the city centre and one suburb bordering the major area of peripheral black townships, there has been only limited penetration of the formal real estate market by blacks. Similarly and again with the exception of the city centre, the data suggests only limited buying in formerly white‐only areas by people of Indian origin. To 1997, informal housing within the old borough was largely restricted to the sections of the city formerly reserved for Indian and coloured people. 相似文献
958.
959.
Tin‐based opacifiers (lead stannate yellow and tin oxide white) were first used in glass production for a short period in Europe from the second to the first centuries bc , and then again throughout the Roman and Byzantine Empires from the fourth century ad onwards. Tin oxide was also used in the production of Islamic opaque glazes from the ninth century ad , and subsequently in enamels applied to Islamic and Venetian glasses from the 12th century ad onwards. A selection of published analytical data for the tin‐opacified glasses, enamels and glazes is summarized, and the methods used in their production are reassessed. The phase transformations occurring when mixtures of lead oxide, tin oxide and silica are fired are investigated with high temperature X‐ray diffraction (XRD) using a synchrotron radiation source, and these results are used to explain the observed differences in the glass, enamel and glaze compositions. Possible reasons for the use of tin‐based opacifiers in the second to first centuries bc , and for the switch from antimony‐ to tin‐based opacifiers in the fourth century ad are suggested, and the possible contexts in which tin‐based opacifiers might have been discovered are considered. The introduction of tin‐opacified glazes by Islamic potters in the ninth century ad is discussed in terms of technological transfer or independent invention. 相似文献
960.
A non‐destructive analytical method using wavelength‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WDXRF) that allows the establishment of the provenance of archaeological obsidians was developed and a comparison with the classical XRF method on powders is discussed. Representative obsidian samples of all the geological outcrops of archaeological interest of the Mediterranean area (Lipari, Pantelleria, Sardinia, Palmarola and the Greek islands of Melos and Gyali), were analysed with the normal procedures used in rock analysis by XRF (crushing, powdering and pelletizing). The non‐destructive XRF analysis was instead conducted on splinters taken from the original geological pieces, with the shape deliberately worked to be similar to the refuse usually found at archaeological sites. Since the analysis was conducted on the raw geological fragment, intensity ratios of the suitably selected chemical elements were used, instead of their absolute concentrations, to avoid surface effects due to the irregular shape. The comparison between concentration ratios (obtained by traditional XRF methods) and the intensity ratios of the selected trace elements (obtained from the non‐destructive methodology) show that the different domains of the chemical composition, corresponding to the geological obsidians of the source areas, are perfectly equivalent. In the same way, together with the geological splinters, complete archaeological obsidians, from Neolithic sites, may be analysed and their provenance may be determined. The proposed non‐destructive method uses the XRF method. Due to its sensitivity, low cost and high speed, it is surely an extremely valid instrument for the attribution of the provenance of the archaeological obsidian from Neolithic sites. 相似文献