旅游经济学自学应考方法谈

本结合以往旅游经济学自学考试试卷题型的分析,介绍了题型要求和答题思路。     

城：夏商时期对自然资源的控制问题

本文主要从中心——周边系统相互关系的角度探讨了晋南地区两个商城的政治经济活动,特别是跨地域的控制和运输重要自然资源的问题,并认为聚落形态的变化尤其是城的兴衰,应从政治、经济系统的角度考察。在中国早期国家发展阶段,政治中心从周边地区掠取重要自然资源战略的改变,往往会影响人口的移动和城市的兴衰。     

明代南京城墙建造年代考略

关于南京明城墙的建造年代,相关史料的记载或有疏漏、或相矛盾、或语义不详,造成了后世对明南京城墙建造年代的多种说法。本文根据史料并结合实地勘察,提出南京城墙建造的起至时间为元至正二十年(1360年)至洪武三十一年(1398年),前后共计39年。     

杜波依斯对解决美国黑人问题道路的探索

杜波依斯一生都在为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争。但是,在不同时期,他对美国黑人问题的认识不同,解决方案因而不断调整。     

秦汉时期的农业和农村经济管理措施

秦汉统治者为加强对农业和农村经济的管理 ,采取了一系列发展农业和农村经济的重要措施。这些措施在一定程度上促进了农业和农村经济的持续和稳定发展 ,为秦汉统治政权的长治久安奠定了坚实的经济基础     

怎样写好《中国文学史》的一点建议——读宋人三大笔记有感

编写《中国文学史》,总爱用我们今天的文艺理论来评价古代的文学家与他们的作品,这当然是必要的,因为学术总得与时俱进。但阅读评论古代的作品,必须知其人,而知其人,又必须论及世。我们对那些特定的时代是否能有正确深入的了解,光靠泛泛而言的所谓时代背景介绍是不够的,因此通过宋人的记载与议论去感受那个时代的社会风尚以及领会当时的思想与眼光,这样。我们才能逐渐贴近那个时代,较为正确认识这些作家与作品,以及其时发生的种种事件。本文企图通过宋人三大笔记的相关记载与议论,谈谈北宋文学史的编写问题。     

From Greece to Babylon: The political thought of Andrew Michael Ramsay (1686–1743)

This paper explores the political thought of Andrew Michael Ramsay with particular reference to his highly acclaimed book called A New Cyropaedia, or the Travels of Cyrus (1727). Dedicated to Prince Charles Edward Stuart, the Young Pretender, to whom he was tutor, this work has been hitherto viewed as a Jacobite imitation of the Telemachus, Son of Ulysses (1699) of his eminent teacher archbishop Fénelon of Cambrai. By tracing the dual legacy of the first Persian Emperor Cyrus in Western thought, I demonstrate that Ramsay was as much indebted to Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet's Discourse on Universal History (1681) as he was to Fénelon's political romance. Ramsay took advantage of Xenophon's silence about the eponymous hero's adolescent education in his Cyropaedia, or the Education of Cyrus (c. 380 B.C.), but he was equally inspired by the Book of Daniel, where the same Persian prince was eulogised as the liberator of the Jewish people from their captivity in Babylon. The main thrust of Ramsay's adaptation was not only to revamp the Humanist-cum-Christian theory and practice of virtuous kingship for a restored Jacobite regime, but on a more fundamental level, to tie in secular history with biblical history. In this respect, Ramsay's New Cyropaedia, or the Travels of Cyrus, was not just another Fénelonian political novel but more essentially a work of universal history. In addition to his Jacobite model of aristocratic constitutional monarchy, it was this Bossuetian motive for universal history, which was first propounded by the German reformer Philipp Melanchthon in his Chronicon Carionis (1532), that most decisively separated Ramsay from Henry St. John, Viscount Bolingbroke, author of another famous advice book for princes of the period, The Idea of a Patriot King (written in late 1738 for the education of Frederick Lewis, Prince of Wales, but officially published in 1749).     

An ineluctable minimum of natural law: François Gény, Oliver Wendell Holmes, and the limits of legal skepticism

During the first few decades of the twentieth century, legal theory on both sides of the Atlantic was characterized by a tremendous amount of skepticism toward the private law concepts of property and contract. In the United States and France, Oliver Wendell Holmes and François Gény led the charge with withering critiques of the abuse of deduction, exposing their forebears’ supposedly gapless system of private law rules for what it was, a house of cards built on the ideological foundations of laissez faire capitalism. The goal was to make the United States Constitution and the French civil code more responsive to the realities of industrialization. Unlike the other participants in this transatlantic critique, François Gény simultaneously insisted on the immutability of justice and social utility. His “ineluctable minimum of natural law” would guide judges and jurists toward the proper social ends, replacing deduction with teleology. The problem was that nearly all of Gény's contemporaries were perplexed by his conception of natural law, which lacked the substance of the natural rights tradition of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and the historicist impulse of the early twentieth. No one was more perplexed than Oliver Wendell Holmes, whose more thoroughgoing skepticism led him to see judicial restraint as the only solution to the abuse of deduction. The ultimate framework for this debate was World War I, in which both Holmes and Gény thought they had found vindication for their views. Events on the battlefield reaffirmed Gény's commitment to justice just as they reignited Holmes’ existential embrace of the unknown. In a sense, the limits of their skepticism would be forged in the trenches of the Great War.     

乌尔第三王朝温马地区法庭判案文件译注与简析

乌尔第三王朝时期的法庭判案文件,苏美尔语称为"di-til-la",意为"最终裁决".吉尔苏出土文献最多,在温马也出土了少数泥板,基本上属于财产争诉案件.与吉尔苏的相比,温马的法庭判案文件有自己的特点.本文根据出土于温马地区的20块判案泥板文书,探讨了乌尔第三王朝时期温马地区的民法案例以及涉及的经济和社会制度.     

试论龙山文化时代的人殉和人祭

龙山文化时期是中国从原始社会向阶级社会过渡的重要时代,生产力的飞跃发展带来了社会制度、生产关系的深刻变化。本文通过对龙山文化时代的人殉人祭遗存的考察,以探讨龙山文化时代的社会性质。