Piero Gobetti and the Liberal Revolution in Italy

Abstract

Piero Gobetti, who died at an early age in 1926 after a severe beating by Fascist squadristi, is one of the most remarkable figures in twentieth‐century Italian culture. A writer and thinker with deep political commitment, Gobetti launched the reviews and journals during the political crisis in Italy between 1918 and 1925 which provided a meeting point for the otherwise dispersed forces of the Italian Left. The republication of his essay ‘The Liberal Revolution. An Essay of the Political Struggle in Italy’ ‐ the fifth edition since it first appeared in 1924 — has reopened the debate on Gobetti and provides an opportunity to consider Gobetti's ideas outside the context of the often politically motivated interpretations that have been placed on them.     

Hair in the Disraeli Papers: A Victorian Harvest

The Hughenden Collection of Disraeli Papers at the Bodleian Library in Oxford comprises over 50,000 items relating to the life and work of Benjamin Disraeli and his family. This article tracks hair through the Hughenden Collection in order to explore the collecting habits of Mary Anne Disraeli. It argues that reading Mary Anne Disraeli's story through hair – both hair as object, held in an archive and hair as represented in archival text – reveals aspects of that story occluded by reading only those archival texts with self-evident documentary value. It thus makes the case for a holistic reading of the Disraeli archive, and Victorian collections of personal papers more generally, by taking Mary Anne Disraeli as its central case study. In so doing it also illuminates her story, and points to the necessity of reading the stories of forgotten women through archival silences and absences. Section I reviews recent scholarship on hair in nineteenth-century Britain in order to contextualize Mary Anne Disraeli's case. Section II anatomizes the Hughenden hair collection in order to illuminate Mary Anne's history, her impulses as a collector, and the extent to which her activities complicate scholarly narratives about the sentimental commodification of Victorian hair. Section III gestures towards recent work on the archive and material culture to tease out the consequences of her example for our reading of the archive and our understanding of the texture of Victorian ‘thing culture’ more generally.     

世界历史整体研究的可喜成果——读李植栴著《20世纪世界史》

20世纪的世界已是一个整体,各国各民族都是世界整体的各个局部,各个重大事件都是世界历史链条上的各个环节。不应孤立地考察某个历史事件或某一国家的命运,而应从世界整体历史的角度,去把握历史事件的内在联系。李植栴主编的《20世纪世界史》的突出特点,就在于整体研究。但该有所忽视的是,世界历史整体与外部环境的关系。     

新世纪前期旅游业发展预测

旅游业是永恒的朝阳产业。根据世界旅游业和我国旅游业的发展态势,作从八个方面预测我国旅游业的未来。     

Iron knees in wooden vessels—an attempt at a typology

Knees were brackets in the structure of a wooden ship. They were introduced in the second half of the 18th century and were in common use for naval and merchant ships in the 19th century. They were fashioned in various designs. A typology of these is proposed based on archaeological and documentary evidence. Iron knees could used to assist the dating of unidentified shipwrecks.     

Views and Commentaries: What Difference Does Feminist Theory Make?

This discussion explores what difference a feminist perspective makes in our understandings of the past in two ways. The first section examines to what extent feminist research questions were asked in the preceding papers by Lu Ann De Cunzo, Eleanor Casella, and Susan Piddock. The second section shows what difference feminist theory has made in asking new questions that have produced new gendered understandings of the global historical context of these papers. As a whole, this discussion shows how feminist theoretical approaches change our understanding of the lives of historic women and men in nineteenth century reform institutions within their larger gendered cultural context. While the introduction to this volume presents the broader ungendered historical context, this discussion focusses on the gendered cultural context that was foundational to the gender relationships embodied in the arrangement of architectural spaces and material culture at the sites in the preceding three papers.     

Description,significance and frequency of the acetabular crease of the hip bone

The acetabular crease is a linear indentation located in the antero‐superior quadrant of the surface of the acetabulum at the level of the Byers Feature 17. Considered by palaeoanthropologists as a discrete trait, it has received scarce attention and the mechanisms underlying its formation and variations according to sex and age remain largely unclear. The purpose of this study, carried out on a large sample from a historic population in France, was to (i) analyse variations according to side, sex and estimated age at death; (ii) assess diachronic variations; and (iii) compare prevalence in various prehistoric and historic populations. Hip bones from a total of 425 subjects of both sexes and all ages were studied. Specimens were from two French historic samples dating from the 11th to 13th centuries and 16th to 17th centuries. The proportion of subjects that died young was higher in the 11th to 13th century group, but the prevalence of the acetabular crease was comparable between the two groups regardless of site or laterality (unilateral or bilateral). No sexual dimorphism or correlation with age was noted at either period. The acetabular crease appears to be a stable anatomical trait throughout adult life, with no predominant side and no correlation with sex. The significantly higher prevalence of the acetabular crease in some historic French samples and in prehistoric native Canadian populations could be linked to greater biomechanical stress during childhood in rural medieval populations and in the prehistoric period. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

从改革开放前后两个时期的历史性质及其相互关系上认识中国特色社会主义道路的内涵

对中国特色社会主义道路的内涵,可以从理论上认识,也可以从历史上认识。从历史上认识,最重要的是弄清改革开放前后两个时期的历史及其相互关系。党的十七大报告关于改革开放事业与党的三代中央领导集体关系的论述,为我们正确认识这一问题提供了重要指导思想。只要根据这一指导思想考察改革开放前后两个29年的历史,就会清楚地看到,前者是探索中国社会主义道路的历史,后者是开创并全面发展中国特色社会主义的历史;前者是后者的基础,没有前者的成就和正反两方面的经验做基础,就没有后者的飞速发展;后者是前者的继承、扬弃和完善,没有后者的改革开放,前者也难以为继。前后两个29年虽然有很大区别,但都内在地统一于科学社会主义原则之下。     

19世纪中国外销油画的白色颜料研究——以《上海外滩》油画为例

外销油画(export oil painting)作为中国早期油画遗存,不仅呈现了中国南方沿岸城市的地理风貌和风土民俗,而且蕴藏着中国早期本土油画的制作技艺。本研究采用X射线荧光光谱、扫描电子显微镜-能谱,并结合傅里叶变换显微红外光谱和拉曼光谱调查了一幅19世纪中国外销油画《上海外滩》中所用白色颜料的种类及其使用方法。研究结果表明:该幅清代油画画作底子所使用的白色颜料主要为白垩(CaCO₃)和石英(SiO₂);在颜料层中发现含锌颜料与油性媒介发生化学反应的产物羧酸锌(金属皂)。本研究为中国早期外销油画的材料与技法研究及修复保护提供了参考依据。     

Piracy and the production of knowledge in the travels of William Dampier, c.1679–1688

Despite its centrality to the production of knowledge in the early modern period, the ship remains a rather marginal site in the work of historians of science. Accounts of ‘floating universities’ and ‘laboratories at sea’ abound, but little is said of the countless other ships, and their crews, involved in the production of knowledge through maritime exploration and travel. The central concern of the paper is the life and work of William Dampier (1651-1715), a seventeenth-century mariner who sailed as a pirate and authored genre-defining and well received scientific travel narratives. The thesis presented here is that the ‘way of life’ encouraged among the crews of the pirate ships aboard which Dampier travelled rendered him well-placed to gather the ‘useful’ knowledge and experiences which made his scientific name. Understanding this juxtaposition requires a focus which moves beyond the materiality of the ship, and which ultimately brings into view some of the social and epistemic geographies which took shape in and beyond the ship.