Materializing a form of urban governance: when street building intersected with city building in Republican Canton (Guangzhou), China

In the early twentieth-century China, the imperial court collapsed and modern cities emerged. How did a new form of governance become materialized, conceivable, and understandable? This article presents a case study of street building Canton (present-day Guangzhou) in the 1920s and 1930s. Drawing on discussions of material power, infrastructures, and governmentality, it attends to the role of material artifacts in creating the modern Chinese city. In particular, it illustrates the entangled emergence and development of modern streets and urban governance, a new form of governance essential to fashioning the Chinese nation-state and Chinese modernity. The unstable, evolving process of creating a new built environment provided specific, material reference points for various stakeholders to imagine and think about the modern city as governable space. This case analysis suggests an alternative perspective to urban history in China, and contributes to the broader discussion on the symbiotic relationship between urban politics and infrastructure.     

Gendarmeries,state reinforcement and territorial control at the ends of world wars: Belgium,France and The Netherlands, 1914–50

Present in many European countries, the institution of the ‘gendarmerie’ is a powerful and regal tool for controlling territories and populations as well as for strengthening the central authority. The twentieth century's two world wars represent decisive moments for understanding the modes of regulation implemented by the gendarmeries. The ambition of this article is to question the impact of the two world wars on the modes of control over territories and persons for the Belgian and French gendarmeries and the Dutch Koninklijke Marechaussee. In this way, the author analyses the relationships between the State and the police institutions. The article thus sheds light on evolutions in ‘gendarmic systems’ from a regional, national and transnational perspective during the first half of a twentieth century marked by two major crises.     

Borders and banknotes: the national perspective

Replacing a banknotes series is meaningful for politicians and the general public even today, while most transactions are executed through virtual means. The choice of images carried on banknotes represents the limits of the State's sovereign border and becomes a means of banal nationalism. Moreover, by utilising scopic regimes, the hegemony portrays the cultural and political borders: historical figures from the country's past on one side, and an imagined or physical border, expressed through the illustrations on the back. This paper addresses the latter and examines the case of the State of Israel. The analysis of sites and landscapes that appear on national banknotes can decipher the construction process of a ‘territorial identity’ which, along with struggles for maintaining identity, provides the basis of the nation‐state. Using Williams's typology of selective tradition, we argue that Israeli banknotes demonstrate a mixture of residual and new cultural content.     

青海省河湟谷地城镇化建设刍议

河湟谷地的城镇发展具有明显的优势,但也存在一些亟待解决的问题。现阶段应重点推进县城的发展,降低省会城市的首位度,使河湟谷地的城镇结构合理化,同时做好城镇长远规划、拓宽筹资渠道、调整产业结构、加强生态保护等方面的工作。     

Long-term decline of regions and the rise of populism: The case of Germany

What characterizes regions where right-wing populist parties are relatively successful? A prominent hypothesis proposed in the emerging “geography of discontent” literature claims that places that are “left behind” constitute a breeding ground for the rise of populism. We re-examine this hypothesis by analyzing the rise of populism in Germany. Our results suggest that high vote shares of populist parties are associated with the long-term decline of a region's relative welfare, which goes beyond a lifespan of people inhabiting such “left behind” places. Moreover, we are able to show that a place-based collective memory about past prosperity plays a crucial role in shaping present resentment. Finally, we find the education level of the regional population to be an important channel through which the collective memory about the past translates into populism support today.     

健康城市化:新的发展理念及其政策含义

我国城市化已进入一个新阶段,高速推进的城市化面临许多突出问题。在研究和政策方面也陷入困境,对未来城市化发展取向和道路认识不一。本文提出健康城市化的发展理念。它有3个理论来源:健康观的演变与系统健康科学的兴起,发展观的演变与人类发展指数评价,人地关系演变与可持续发展理论。在归纳其对健康城市化的启示的基础上,界定了健康城市化的概念,明确提出三个内涵:人的发展、城乡互动、资源环境,并与传统城市化进行比较。相应的政策含义是:资源环境是城市化的基础,城乡协调和互动是城市化的关键环节,"人的发展"是城市化的出发点与最终目标。     

海洋在中国地缘政治中的作用

海洋具有与日俱增的地缘政治价值。中国海域拥有突出的地缘战略意义。维护海权是中华民族的一项长期任务。     

当代中国城市化的历程与特征

当代中国城市化的历程,以1978年为界,分为两个时期：1949年至1978年是计划经济体制下的城市化发展时期,1979年迄今是市场经济取向下的城市化发展时期。中国50年来城市化历程的突出特征是城乡分割的二元体制和工农业两极对峙的二元发展模式。分析中国城市化进程中的利弊得失和基本特征,对于实现城市经济系统、社会系统、行政系统、化系统和生态系统的现代化,具有重要的参考价值。     

浙、苏、鲁、川、吉五省农村城镇化发展政策研究

本文经过实地考察和典型解剖,对近几年农村城镇化发展较快、水平较高的浙江、江苏、山东、四川和吉林5省的农村城镇化发展政策,进行了充分和认真的总结研究。     

试论西海固贫困民族地区的城市化及反贫困

西海固地区是我国西部贫困民族地区,文章认为该区城市化有着与我国东部不同的特点,主要表现为:城市总体水平低,城镇体系不健全,现有城镇职能简单,城镇对区域经济发展和脱贫贡献不大,城镇发展层次低,缺乏长远规划和活力。文章通过国内外发达国家和地区城市化发展实践、西海固地区农业吊庄模式和工业(城镇)吊庄模式的分析以及加快城市化对吸纳农村剩余劳动力,调整产业结构的理论分析后认为加快城市化进程是西海固地区摆脱贫困的必由之路。文章认为加快西海固地区城市化过程应采取如下对策:①积极开展西海固城镇体系规划,充分发挥其指导作用,②要充分利用靠近铁路、河流的有利条件,以现有县镇为依托分层次搞好城市建设,③城市建设要引入新的机制,④进行产业结构调整,⑤培育和搞活市场,充分调动回族经商的积极性,⑥建设宝中铁路工作走廊,推动城市化过程,⑦加快发展乡镇企业,私营和个体企业,⑧注重城市可持续发展,加大科技教育投入。