北京市城乡转型与乡村地域功能的时序特征及其关联性

本研究通过综合指标评价法和灰色关联法,揭示改革开放以来北京城乡转型和乡村地域功能的时序特征及其关联性,以期为改善北京城乡关系、有效提升乡村地域功能提供参考。研究结果表明:①1978-2012年,北京市城乡转型依次经历了缓慢转型(1978-1995)、快速转型(1996-2006)、转型放缓(2007-2012)三个阶段。②生态、历史、市场和政策等因素显著影响着乡村地域功能的提升。35年间,乡村地域功能总体稳步发展,并与城乡转型表现出不同的阶段性特征。③在国家政策、经济发展、基础设施建设以及乡村地域功能反馈等综合作用下,城乡转型与乡村地域功能发展存在一定的相关性,二者依次经历了低水平耦合、倒"U"型耦合和高水平耦合三个阶段。     

京津冀一体化背景下北京制造业时空演化特征及疏解方向

京津冀协同发展大背景下,北京市制造业转型升级和空间布局调整面临新的挑战。本文基于微观企业数据,采用偏离-份额模型剖析了1996-2010年北京市制造业发展的时空演化特征,基于空间偏离-份额模型,提出京津冀协同发展背景下,未来北京不同功能区制造业疏解方向。研究发现,从功能区层面来讲,北京市制造业由首都功能核心区向城市功能拓展区、城市发展新区以及生态涵养发展区渐次外迁,在此过程中高新技术产业、机械与装备制造业呈集聚发展态势,都市型工业近年来有所回迁,其余制造业逐渐退出北京市。在此基础上,以京津冀协同发展纲要为指导,结合京津冀都市圈各城市产业功能定位和集聚区建设分析了北京市不同功能区制造业未来疏解策略与方向。     

南京农事节庆活动与旅游业发展的时空耦合研究

运用耦合指数和ESDA方法,从时空维度动态分析2002-2013年南京农事节庆活动与旅游业发展的耦合状况,得到以下结论:①在年际尺度上两者存在明显正向相关关系,农事节庆活动呈现"协调发展、效益提升、快速发展、优化调整"阶段性波动特征;在季节变化上则呈现整体相似特征,3-4月和9-11月出现较明显的峰值期,但农事节庆活动表现出更强的季节性。②2002-2013年农事节庆活动空间耦合差异较明显,耦合指数稳定变化的有主城区、高淳区和六合区,偏离1的有江宁区,波动变化的有溧水区和浦口区;农事节庆活动空间耦合整体存在南北方向上以主城区为中心自北向南,东西方向上由偏西部向偏东部演化的特征。最后,提出南京今后农事节庆活动与旅游业发展的建议。     

COVID-19 and employment relief programs: A tale of spatially blind policies for a spatially driven pandemic

We use the case of Chile to analyze the effectiveness of a spatially blind employment relief program (hereafter referred to as the LPE program) established by the Chilean government and implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. Chile is an interesting case because on the one hand its nonpharmaceutical interventions were spatially driven by health indicators based on small geographical areas; hence, producing sizeable regional and temporal variation of the local conditions induced by the COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, the LPE program was designed and implemented nationally without distinction of local labor market or pandemic conditions, and each firm could decide whether to enroll in the program. By exploiting the spatial-temporal variation of exogenously imposed lockdowns and using a difference-in-differences panel data framework, we find that the LPE program was only effective for a group of regions in the country but, more importantly, that the LPE program was less effective during lockdowns. Moreover, the requirements of the LPE program were vague and did not target specific populations or entities. Consequently, our results suggest that women, informal and small firm workers, and most economic sectors throughout the country were less able to take advantage of the benefits of this program.     

3. RADICALIZING TEMPORAL DIFFERENCE: ANTHROPOLOGY,POSTCOLONIAL THEORY,AND LITERARY TIME

This article is an attempt to address on a theoretical level an antinomy in postcolonial approaches to the question of temporal difference. Current scholarship tends both to denounce the way in which the others of the Western self are placed notionally in another time than the West and not only analytically affirm but indeed valorize multiple temporalities. I elaborate on the two problematic temporal frameworks—linear developmentalism and cultural relativism—that belong to a colonial legacy and generate the antinomy in question, and then proceed to discuss possible alternatives provided by a Koselleck‐inspired approach to historical time as inherently plural. I thereby make two central claims: (1) postcolonial conceptions of multiple temporalities typically, if tacitly, associate time with culture, and hence risk reproducing the aporias of cultural relativism; (2) postcolonial metahistorical critique is commonly premised on a simplified and even monolithic understanding of Western modernity as an ideology of “linear progress.” Ultimately, I suggest that the solution lies in radicalizing, not discarding, the notion of multiple temporalities. Drawing on the Brazilian classic Os sertões as my key example, I also maintain that literary writing exhibits a unique “heterochronic” (in analogy with “heteroglossic”) potential, enabling a more refined understanding of temporal difference.     

中国历史园林遗产时空演变特征及其影响因素

借助核密度分析、标准差椭圆和重心坐标探讨了历史园林遗产重心演化的轨迹与路径,梳理各类型历史园林时空分布,考察了影响其空间演化轨迹的重要因素。结果表明:我国历史园林遗产现状空间分布较为广泛,但空间集聚度高,分布不均衡,在园林类型上表现更为明显,与我国历史园林发展的脉络高度一致,与政治中心和经济中心迁移一致;不同类型的历史园林有着不同空间演变路径,皇家园林主要受朝代更迭与政令举措的影响,私家园林主要受经济发展与文化兴衰的影响,寺观园林主要受宗教政策与传教线路的影响。     

Spatial‐temporal patterns of snow cover in western Canada

Snow cover is often measured as snow‐water equivalent (SWE), which refers to the amount of water stored in a snow pack that would be available upon melting. Snow cover and SWE represent a source of local snow‐melt release, and are sensitive to regional and global atmospheric circulation, and changes in climate. Monitoring SWE using satellite‐based passive microwave radiometry has provided nearly three decades of continuous data for North America. The availability of spatially and temporally extensive SWE data enables a better understanding of the nature of space‐time trends in snow cover, changes in these trends and linking these trends to underlying landscape and terrain characteristics. To address these interests, we quantify the spatial pattern of SWE by applying a local measure of spatial autocorrelation to 25 years of mean February SWE derived from passive microwave retrievals. Using a method for characterizing the temporal trends in the spatial pattern of SWE, temporal trends and variability in spatial autocorrelation are quantified. Results indicate that within the Canadian Prairies, extreme values of SWE are becoming more spatially coherent, with potential impacts on water availability, and hazards such as flooding. These results also highlight the need for Canadian ecological management units that consider winter conditions.     

Contradictions of Spatial Governance: Bioeconomy and the Management of State Space in Finland

In recent years, the bioeconomy has emerged as a key policy idea in liberal western states. This paper analyses the bioeconomy as a state strategy. By building on theoretical strands by Poulantzas, Moore, and Castán Broto, the paper argues that the bioeconomy has to be understood simultaneously as an accumulation strategy within the capitalist world‐ecology and as a transformative agenda through which tensions in the state space can be governed. The politics of bioeconomy do not concern its outright endorsement or rejection but the ways its contradictions are interpreted and articulated. The empirical part of the paper scrutinises the bioeconomy strategy adopted in Finland. Our main concern is that the bioeconomy strategy has been appropriated by the traditional forest industries in such a way that fails to address the problem of uneven development and ignores the potential of the bioeconomy as part of a transformative agenda.     

Thinking without the ‘circle’: Marine plastic and global ethics

Marine plastic has received significant attention as a spectacle of consumer waste and ecosystemic fragility, but there has been little discussion of its ethical implications. This essay argues that marine plastic poses a direct challenge to the basic frameworks of global ethics. These frameworks are dominated by the image of the ‘circle’, an abstract boundary intended to separate ‘humanity’ from the rest of the universe and insulate it against harm. However, this article argues that marine plastic undermines the ‘circle’ in two ways. First, it embodies conditions of ‘hyper-relationality’, including entanglement and the properties of toxicity, that penetrate the boundaries of ‘the circle’. Second, it exerts ‘forcefulness’, but at scales that radically exceed the dominant spatio-temporal dimensions of ‘the circle’. By virtue of these features, marine plastic thoroughly penetrates the boundaries of ‘the circle’, making it impossible to expel harm beyond its boundaries. Although this essay focuses on marine plastic, its core argument can also be fruitfully applied to other phenomena that share similar material, scalar, spatio-temporal and relational features (for instance, atmospheric particulate, nuclear waste and nitrate pollution). The essay concludes by exploring the alternative ethical possibilities that marine plastic and similar phenomena prompt: in particular, a responsive ethos based on a sense of shared vulnerability and exposure.     

基于手机信令数据的城市时间活力模式及影响因素研究——以南京市中心城区为例

本文基于手机信令数据从时间维度诠释城市活力的概念,并构建其评价指标体系。研究从活动强度、活动混合度、活动联系强度三个维度测度城市活力,在此基础上通过对一日24小时的城市活力时间序列进行聚类,得出五种城市时间活力模式,并构建计量模型分析社会经济和建成环境对不同时间活力模式的影响。主要结论有：(1)南京市中心城区城市时间活力模式可分为高活力波动型、高活力稳定型、中活力波动型、中活力稳定型和低活力稳定型五类;(2)不同时间活力模式在空间上的分布具有一定规律,高活力波动型时间活力模式多位于区域就业中心与公共服务、商业服务中心附近;(3)影响因素方面,居住人口密度、年龄结构、经济水平、交通区位、功能性质、开发强度均对高活力波动/稳定型街区的形成有促进作用。研究从时间维度扩展了城市活力的研究视角,可为探索城市时空间规划、保障城市高质量可持续发展提供重要参考。