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51.
J.‐B. Huchet D. Deverly B. Gutierrez C. Chauchat 《International Journal of Osteoarchaeology》2011,21(1):92-102
A human skeleton from a Moche grave at Huaca de la Luna, Trujillo, Peru, shows evidence of taphonomic bone modification due to subterranean termite activity. Information related to the occasional osteophagous diet of termites on mammal and human remains is reviewed and detailed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
52.
G. Bar‐Oz A. Belfer‐Cohen T. Meshveliani N. Djakeli O. Bar‐Yosef 《International Journal of Osteoarchaeology》2008,18(2):131-151
We present the results of a detailed taphonomic and zooarchaeological study of the faunal remains from the Upper Palaeolithic layers of Dzudzuana Cave, Republic of Georgia. This study presents the first carefully analysed Upper Palaeolithic faunal assemblage from the southern Caucasus and thus serves as a significant point of reference for inter‐regional studies of Upper Palaeolithic subsistence in Eurasia. A series of intra‐site taphonomic comparisons are employed to reconstruct the depositional history of the bone assemblages within the different occupational phases at the site and to investigate subsistence, meat procurement and bone‐processing strategies. Caucasian tur (Capra caucasica), aurochs (Bos primigenius) and steppe bison (Bison priscus) were the major prey species throughout the Upper Palaeolithic. Their frequencies do not change significantly over time, and nor does bone preservation vary by layer. The assemblage is characterised by significant density‐mediated biases, caused by both human bone‐processing behaviours and in situ post‐burial bone attrition. Bone marrow extraction produced large numbers of unidentified bone fragments, many exhibiting green bone fractures. The density and size of bone assemblages and the extent of fragmentation indicate that Dzudzuana Cave was repeatedly occupied by Upper Palaeolithic foragers over many years. Skeletal part representation and butchery marks from all stages of carcass processing suggest that prey occasionally underwent field butchery. Intra‐site taphonomic comparisons highlight uniform patterns of cultural and economic behaviours related to food procurement and processing strategies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
53.
Rebecca A. Nicholson 《International Journal of Osteoarchaeology》1992,2(2):139-154
This paper reviews the meaning of the term ‘density’ and the problems associated with the methods of density determination for animal bones in archaeology. It has often been assumed that density is the intrinsic property of most influence in controlling the rate of a bone's decay. Values for whole bone density have been published only for large mammal bone, however. Fish bone appears to be particularly vulnerable to decay, and usually a restricted range of skeletal elements are recovered from archaeological sites. The object of this study was to examine the relationship between fish bone density and the ability of the bone to survive on occupation sites and in archaeological deposits. A set of ‘density’ measurements was established for the bones of cod (Gadus morhua). The usefulness of these measurements as a predictive tool in archaeoichthyological studies is assessed. It was found that ‘density’ as measured did not explain adequately the relative survival of skeletal elements after mechanical abrasion and weathering, or within archaeological deposits. 相似文献
54.
Stuart Hawkins Sofia C. Samper Carro Julien Louys Ken Aplin Sue O'Connor Mahirta 《The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology》2018,13(3):371-387
We report on tetrapod (Reptilia, Amphibia, Mammalia, Aves) vertebrates recovered during excavations at Tron Bon Lei rockshelter on the south coast of Alor Island, eastern Indonesia. These include both archaeological specimens recovered from a 1 m² test pit dating from ～21 kya cal BP to the late Holocene, and a modern eastern barn owl deposit recovered nearby. To discern between the depositional processes that accumulated the small numbers of micro- and macrovertebrate remains from the archaeological deposits, the taphonomic signature of the natural assemblage was quantified and compared to the archaeological record. The taphonomic data indicates that the tetrapod archaeofaunal remains are a combination of barn owl predation of microfauna and human predation of larger fauna. This approach provides new information on human-tetrapod interactions on Alor in Wallacea during the late Quaternary, including an apparent increase in cave site use and hunting intensity during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, sea turtle butchery and probable transport, and extinctions of previously unknown giant to large rat species. 相似文献
55.
T. J. Booth 《Archaeometry》2016,58(3):484-499
A central problem in funerary archaeology is interpreting how the corpse was manipulated in the immediate post mortem period. The extent of bacterial bioerosion to the internal bone microstructure has been proposed as a means to infer the early post mortem history of a corpse, as it has been suggested that this form of bone diagenesis is produced by an organism's putrefactive gut bacteria. Under this model, different forms of funerary treatment would be expected to leave characteristic signatures of bioerosion in archaeological bone. Here, we tested the extent to which bacterial bioerosion of ancient human bones reflected funerary treatment, through histological analysis of 301 archaeological human bone thin sections from 25 European archaeological sites. We found that bioerosion was significantly influenced by whether a bone originated from a neonatal individual or an anoxic context. When these remains were excluded, bioerosion was controlled by archaeological phase in a manner consistent with known early post mortem treatment and forensic models of bodily decomposition. These findings suggest that microscopic analyses of bone have useful applications in reconstructions of funerary processes and provide some insight into factors that may control the persistence of organic biomolecules and fossilization. 相似文献
56.
《International Journal of Osteoarchaeology》2018,28(3):318-331
Many aspects of taphonomy have a time dimension which affects the way modifications develop. Weathering is an obvious aspect of this, and for this there is an added aspect of variations by geography or latitude. A long‐term taphonomy project in Wales was set up to investigate how small mammal assemblages may have changed in relation to seasonal and climatic variation. A collection of 304 pellets produced by a single pair of tawny owls (Strix aluco) spanned 40 months from 1982 to 1986, and pellets were collected from the roosting site on a monthly basis. The project ended in March 1986, when the owls left their roosting place, with a follow‐up collection from the same site but from a different owl individual in 1987. Both the species composition of the owls' prey, and the digestion of their prey, differed from month to month, with the major differences being between summer and winter and variations in the local climate. Earthworms were the most abundant prey, but they were more abundant during the summer months and during mild winters. Microtus agrestis was the most abundant mammal species in the pellets and the next most common prey species, closely followed by Apodemus and a large beetle species. Digestion of arvicolid teeth and post‐crania was greater during the winter months, but no difference was found for murid teeth between summer and winter collections because the summer sample was too small. Amphibian bones were also more digested in winter. Digestion of Apodemus molars was about half that of Microtus, but digestion of incisors was the same, and where both occurred in the same pellets they were on average one stage behind that of Microtus molars. It is concluded that seasonality and local climate are important factors both in the prey composition and the degrees of digestion of prey in tawny owl assemblages. 相似文献
57.
《International Journal of Osteoarchaeology》2017,27(3):477-487
The goal of this paper is to investigate whether multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), a multivariate statistical technique, is a useful dimensionality‐reduction tool in zooarchaeological and taphonomic studies. For this purpose, the focus is to detect and discuss traces of waste management. Animal bones from waste‐related contexts at the Bronze Age site Asine, Greece, are investigated. The data consist of bone fragments dating to the Middle Helladic from this site. Unidentified fragments were categorised in size classes, where possible. Information on taxa, skeletal parts and the presence or absence of several taphonomic markers is included in the data set. The MCA reveals several correlations of zooarchaeological interest. For example, the association between indeterminate fragments and calcined bone points to issues concerning identification and preservation. Floors are characterised by weathered long‐bone fragments from medium‐sized mammals. Additionally, the results of MCA indicate that the material might have suffered from density‐mediated attrition, based on the abundance of axial fragments, which did not differ between different contexts and taxa. The results show that MCA can be used to detect zooarchaeological and taphonomic patterns. This multivariate technique is useful when investigating large data sets, as is often the case with large zooarchaeological assemblages. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
58.
《International Journal of Osteoarchaeology》2017,27(5):867-879
Whilst the bones of domestic cats (Felis catus ) are recovered from archaeological sites in Iberia routinely, they are rarely subjected to detailed analysis. Consequently, there is limited understanding of the nature of cat–human relations, especially in contrast to northern European regions. In this paper, we present a unique assemblage of 899 cat bones recovered from the medieval site of El Bordellet (Vilafranca del Penedès, Spain) and dated between the end of the 10th century ad and the beginning of the 11th century ad . Zooarchaeological and taphonomic analysis provides the first clear evidence of skinning related to cat fur exploitation in Christian medieval Iberia. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
59.
Expectations for survival of vertebrate remains have been well developed and intensely studied in the zooarchaeological taphonomic literature. Taphonomic studies of shellfish remains focus on marine species and on variables relevant to remains from paleontological contexts (e.g., fossil marine beds). In this paper we develop a conceptual framework from which to derive expectations concerning the preservation of freshwater mussel remains focusing on two parameters, shell microstructure and shell shape. Shell size does not influence survivorship. Our model is validated through application to late Holocene zooarchaeological mussel assemblages from north Texas. Taphonomically robust species are important regarding zooarchaeological and biogeographic interpretations based on mussel paleofaunas, and fragile species are important indicators of whether or not an assemblage is well preserved. 相似文献
60.
许昌灵井旧石器时代遗址已经2005、2006两年度的考古发掘,出土丰富的人类文化遗物和动物化石,同时野外发掘中获得大量的地层和埋藏学方面的资料,本文报道的即是考古发掘中埋藏方面的初步观察的结果,通过分析和判断,本文认为许昌灵井遗址是一处旧石器时代中期古人类制作石、骨器并使用这些工具进行生产的工作营地,埋藏类型主要是湖相沉积和滨湖相沉积。 相似文献